Pentose 5- amino

Pentose, 5-amino-5-deoxy-, 119 —, 5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-en/thro-, 130 —, 2-deoxy-5-thio-D-eri/t/iro-, oxidation of, 214... 

Treatment of bacterial cells with appropriate concentrations of such substances as eetrimide, chlorhexidine, phenol and hexylresorcinol, causes a leakage of a group of eharacteristic chemical species. The potassium ion, being a small entity, is the fust substance to appear when the cytoplasmic membrane is damaged. Amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and pentoses are examples of other substances which will leak horn treated cells. 

Calcium bis(2-amino-2,3,4-trideoxy-L-gZycero-pentarate) (calcium di-L-glutamate), tetrahydrate D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone Calcium L-arabinonate, pentahydrate Strontium L-arabinonate, pentahydrate Barium D-ribose 5-phosphate, pentahydrate 2-Deoxy-D-en/thro-pentose j8-DL-Arabinopyranose... 

The addition of ammonia to the variety of acids derivable from either the breakdown of glucose, glycolysis, or of the pentose shunt reaction products, ribose and NADPH, and from the citrate cycle, gives the amino acids (see Table 4.7 and Figure 4.4) Polymerisation of amino acids in cells gives proteins. In some of the amino acids sulfur and selenium can be incorporated easily. We assume NH3 was present. (Note that Se is in a coded amino acid not in Table 4.7.) Some selective metal-binding properties can be seen in Table 4.7, but amino acid carboxylates can bind all. 

Note that the strength of the correlations is increased by the fact that the citric acid pathway is today isolated in mitochondria derived from a distinct early life form and linked to both aspartate and glutamate, in which A and C are dominant amino-acid carriers, while glycolysis and the pentose shunt are cytoplasmic, where U and G are more dominant amino-acid carriers. 

An application to n-xylose (LXII) of the Fischer synthesis of 2-amino hexonic acids from pentoses would lead theoretically to a mixture of 2-amino-D-gulonic acid (LXIII) and 2-amino-D-idonic acid (LXIV). 

Polysaccharides of Corynebacterium diphtheriae yield D-galactose, pentoses and amino sugars on hydrolysis.79 D-Glucose and D-mannose are major hydrolytic products of the polysaccharide of Clostridium perfringens.80 Complete hydrolysis81 of the polysaccharide of the anthrax bacillus yielded acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-galactose. 

Hydrolysis products of neomycin may be an amino-sugar, a pentose or furfural depending on the reaction conditions chosen. Each of these entities has been utilised for indirect spectrophotometric determination of neomycin. 

The way in which aromatic amino compounds lead to the formation of MHb is of some interest in regard to the role played by the first reaction of the pentose phosphate cycle in this reaction system. It has been stated (L5) that nitrosobenzene effects within one hour the conversion of Hb to MHb to the extent of 80% of total pigment according to the following reactions ... 

In addition to the common pathways, glycolysis and the TCA cycle, the liver is involved with the pentose phosphate pathway regulation of blood glucose concentration via glycogen turnover and gluconeogenesis interconversion of monosaccharides lipid syntheses lipoprotein formation ketogenesis bile acid and bile salt formation phase I and phase II reactions for detoxification of waste compounds haem synthesis and degradation synthesis of non-essential amino acids and urea synthesis. 

Tables V-LVII detail H and F shift and coupling information, and Tables LVIII to LXXI incorporate the C-n.m.r. data. The data within this compilation are arranged according to the following outline hexoses prior to pentoses, followed by anhydro sugars, sugar acids and lactones, amino sugars (and their synthetic, A -containing precursors), mono-, di-, and tri-deoxy sugars, branched derivatives, ketoses, polyfluorinated monosaccharides, and, finally, difluorinated amino sugars. Within this compilation, and even within each table, pyranoid derivatives are listed prior to their furanoid counterparts, hexoses prior to pentoses, functionalized prior to deoxy compounds the arrangement within each sub-table is made alphabetically.

The basic structural unit of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide. Molecules in this class contain just one sugar moiety ahexose, pentose, or whatever. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates in mnch the same sense that amino acids are the building blocks for proteins and nncleotides are the building blocks for nucleic acids. 

This enzyme [EC 3.5.4.16] catalyzes the reaction of GTP with two water molecules to produce formate and 2-amino - 4 - hydroxy - 6 - erythro -1,2,3- trihydroxypropyl) -dihydropteridine triphosphate. The reaction involves hydrolysis of two C-N bonds and isomerization of the pentose unit. The recyclization step may be nonenzy-matic. 

N-terminal amino acid Amino acid with an amino end group, nucleoside Contains a pentose and base, nucleotide Contains a phosphate, pentose, and base, oligosaccharide Low molecular weight polysaccharide, phenotype The observable, physical characteristics of an organism. 

The tightly regulated pathway specifying aromatic amino acid biosynthesis within the plastid compartment implies maintenance of an amino acid pool to mediate regulation. Thus, we have concluded that loss to the cytoplasm of aromatic amino acids synthesized in the chloroplast compartment is unlikely (13). Yet a source of aromatic amino acids is needed in the cytosol to support protein synthesis. Furthermore, since the enzyme systems of the general phenylpropanoid pathway and its specialized branches of secondary metabolism are located in the cytosol (17), aromatic amino acids (especially L-phenylalanine) are also required in the cytosol as initial substrates for secondary metabolism. The simplest possibility would be that a second, complete pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis exists in the cytosol. Ample precedent has been established for duplicate, major biochemical pathways (glycolysis and oxidative pentose phosphate cycle) of higher plants that are separated from one another in the plastid and cytosolic compartments (18). Evidence to support the hypothesis for a cytosolic pathway (1,13) and the various approaches underway to prove or disprove the dual-pathway hypothesis are summarized in this paper. 

Figure 21. Secondary metabolism blocks and amino acid derivation. Note that shikimic acid can be derived directly from photosynthesis and glycolysis through the pentose phosphate cycle, or alternatively as a pyruvic acid postcursor.

Keywords Acetylacetates, 2-Amino-2-deoxyaldoses, Barbituric acids, C-Glyco-sides, Dimedone, Furans, Garcia-Gonzalez reaction, Green chemistry, Hexoses, Meldrum s acid, Penta-2,4-dione, Pentoses, Pyrroles, Reactions in water, Tetrahy-drofuranylfurans... 

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