Penicillins immunologic factor

Bacteria produce chromosomady and R-plasmid (resistance factor) mediated P-lactamases. The plasmid-mediated enzymes can cross interspecific and intergeneric boundaries. This transfer of resistance via plasmid transfer between strains and even species has enhanced the problems of P-lactam antibiotic resistance. Many species previously controded by P-lactam antibiotics are now resistant. The chromosomal P-lactamases are species specific, but can be broadly classified by substrate profile, sensitivity to inhibitors, analytical isoelectric focusing, immunological studies, and molecular weight deterrnination. Individual enzymes may inactivate primarily penicillins, cephalosporins, or both, and the substrate specificity predeterrnines the antibiotic resistance of the producing strain. Some P-lactamases are produced only in the presence of the P-lactam antibiotic (inducible) and others are produced continuously (constitutive). 

Park, M. A., Matesic, D., Markus, P. J., Li, J. T. (2007 Jul). Female sex as a risk factor for penicillin allergy. Annals of Allergy, Asthma Cf Immunology Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, Cf Immunology, 99(1), 54—58. 

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