Penetration parameter

For the case of flexible non-rigid particles, a penetration parameter can be used to take into account the softness of the biopolymer interactions. This parameter is defined as the ratio of the equivalent hard sphere radius to the corresponding radius of gyration (Tanford, 1961) ... 

In equation (5.33), as previously defined, An is the second virial coeffi-cient of the / -biopolymer component on the molal scale (cm mol- ) and RGl is the radius of gyration of the / -biopolymer component. For a flexible polymer chain the value of the penetration parameter y/ lies in the range 0.6-0.7, while for a semi-rigid/worm-like polymer we have y/ - 0.3 (Tanford, 1961). The shorter the polymer chain, the closer is its effective conformation to that of the equivalent hard sphere. 

Figure 6.5 Temperature dependence of the characteristics of sodium k-carrageenan particles dissolved in an aqueous salt solution (0.1 M NaCl). The cooling rate is 1.5 °C min-1, (a) ( ) Weight-average molar weight, Mw, and (A) second virial coefficient, A2. (b) ( ) Specific optical rotation at 436 nm, and ( ) penetration parameter, y, defined as tlie ratio of the radius of the equivalent hard sphere to the radius of gyration of the dissolved particles (see equation (5.33) in chapter 5). See the text for explanations of different regions I, II, III and IV.

Ogiso, T., M. Iwaki, and T. Paku. 1995. Effect of various enhancers on transdermal penetration of indomethacin and urea, and relationship between penetration parameters and enhancement factors. J Pharm Sci 84 482. 

Prediction of Shaped Charge and Penetration Parameters with Various Explosive Loadings , BRL MR 1494 (1963) 11) Anon, FrP... 

Estimated Heat Penetration Parameters and Broken Heating Phenomena... 

The following salient features of the calculated heat penetration parameters were noted ... 

Fig.l Ortho-positronium lifetime r=l/(Apu+ t) as a function of the void radius a-cylindrical void (infinitely long), lowest state b- spherical void, lowest state c- cylindrical void, first excited state d- spherical void, first excited state. The penetration parameter AR is assumed 0.166 nm. 

From the microprobe analysis, the metal penetration parameter Qv can be derived. This parameter is defined as follows ... 

Table I. Drying times, initial apparent contact angles and calculated penetration parameters for single drops of an aqueous IJ ink on various commercial printing grade papers.

The market penetration parameters are input to the model to characterize marketplace behavior. Three different parameters are used — market share, the behavioral lag half-life, and the behavioral lag response. 

Zollner, S., and Pritchard, J. K. (2007). Overcoming the winner s curse Estimating penetrance parameters from case-control data. Am. J. Hum. Genet, 80 605 -615. 

Another method is to assume a certain distribution of pore parameters. Song et al. [449 52], in a series of papers, considered the distribution of pore parameters for electrodes in the absence of electroactive species, i.e., for purely capacitive electrodes. De Levie s equation (9.7) is applicable to individual pores, but for different pores different values of the parameter A are obtained. The dimensionless penetrability parameter, a, was defined as... 

From test results of Table 4, it can judge that the infiltrating parameter of natural loess is 365 X 10 cm s , subject to medium penetration. The soil penetration parameter has greatly decreased up to 62 times after silicate reinforced. The penetration has a significant improvement. 

Figure 13.15 Diagram defining the two front penetration parameters / and d. (A),...

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