Penetrating gamma rays

It has been found to be efficient in the cure of surface cancer, warts, lupus, and ulcers. The penetrating gamma rays check the progress of such undesirable growths. Radium has recently been used for the bloodless " removal of tonsils. It is also claimed that the emanation of radium (niton) relieves gout, rheumatism, and diabetes, because it increases the excretion of uric acid. It is administered either by inhalation or by drinking its solution. 

Large quantities of neutrons and penetrating gamma rays are produced and can be utilized. With proper heat exchangers, power in the form of heat can be obtained. 

From a weapons standpoint, ionizing radiation occurs as (a) invisible penetrating gamma rays and neutrons released at the instant of the atomic explosion and (b) radioactive fission fragments of a wide variety of elements that return to the earth as fallout, emitting gamma rays and beta particles over an extended period. See Radioactivity. ... 

The radiation given off by the radioisotope should be penetrating gamma rays,... 

Val Mayneord, a physicist from the Royal Marsden Hospital in England, replaced Mitchell as adviser on biological and medical research at Chalk River in 1945. Before he left, Mitchell had recruited Andre Cipriani, a biophysicist who had served with the Canadian Army Medical Research Unit. Mayneord and Cipriani careftiily measured cobalt radiation. They concluded that it produced one penetrating gamma ray of 1.1 million electron volts (MeV) and another of 1.3 MeV. In the autumn of 1947 Mayneord published these results in an article that was read widely by specialists in the field. ... 

We use the X or gamma rays power penetrating to detect possible heterogeneities in inspected pieces. These rays are absorbed by the matter crossed, essentially by the photoelectrical effect, (fig. 02). 

One solution to the penetration problem for thick parts or dense materials is to convert the electrons to X-rays. Fig. 3 shows the attenuation of gamma rays... 

In MWD, the recording speed is the rate of penetration which rarely exceeds 120 to 150 ft/hr or 2 to 2.5 ft/min, two orders of magnitude less than the logging speed. Counters can be made shorter and time constant longer (up to 30 s or more). This results in a better accuracy and a better bed definition. Figure 4-269 shows an example of comparison between an MWD gamma ray log and the wireline log ran later. 

We have limited our investigations to the action of gamma-rays and fast neutrons on aromatic, alicyclic, aliphatic, and ionic compounds. The absorption coefficients for these types of radiation have an order of magnitude of lO /cm which is particularly adequate. Shallow penetrating radiations would only alter the superficial layers and would obviously not be able to affect the intensity of the quadrupole line substantially. This is for instance the case for ultraviolet light which has been shown to be unable to produce any effect on the resonance line of iodoform (CHI3 3Sg)... 

The nuclear reactor also must be shielded against the emission of radioactive material to the external environment. Suitable radiation controls include both thermal and biological shielding systems. Radiation from alpha particles (a rays) and beta particles ((3 rays) has little penetrating power, but gamma rays have deep penetration properties. Neutron radiation is, however, the primary area of risk. Typically, extremely thick concrete walls are used as a neutron absorber, but lead-lined concrete and special concretes are also used. 

Gamma rays High-energy electromagnetic radiation. It is the most penetrating form of radiation that results from the decay of radioactive elements. 

Gamma Ray, Penetrating—Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation of nuclear origin. 

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