Peltier cell

Figure 5 Temperature-dependent turbidimetry profiles for solutions of poly(Lys-25) at pH 7.0 and 11.0. These measurements were performed on a Pharmacia Biotechnology Ultrospec 3000 UV/visible spectrophotometer equipped with a programmable Peltier cell and temperature control unit.

New materials and designs have been developed for heat protective clothing. For example, improved thermal insulation can be provided by non-wovens made with thin hollowed fibres, and can be made thermo-adaptive with two-way shape memory alloys such as nickel-titanium. Better thermoregulation inside the garment is sought with PCM, either encapsulated ° or incorporated in a matrix. Other solutions use external power, e.g., for liquid coolant circulation or with Peltier cells embedded in the textile. ... 

In many industrial gas measurements, water vapor is present in high concentrations. The sample cell of the measurement instrument and sample line can be heated up to 200 °C to remove water vapor. Sometimes, the sample gas is dried by condensation or by using Peltier gas dryers. 

The reversible reaction heat of the cell is defined as the reaction entropy multiplied by the temperature [Eq. (15)]. For an electrochemical cell it is also called the Peltier effect and can be described as the difference between the reaction enthalpy AH and the reaction free energy AG. If the difference between the reaction free energy AG and the reaction enthalpy AH is below zero, the cell becomes warmer. On the other hand, for a difference larger than zero, it cools down. The reversible heat W of the electrochemical cell is therefore ... 

The heat of formation of a substance iji a voltaic cell may therefore be calculated from the measured Peltier effects and the electromotive force. 

Peltier, J. B., Friso, G., Kalume, D. E., Roepstorff, P., Nilsson, F., Adamska, I., and van Wijk, K. J. (2000). Proteomics of the chloroplast systematic identification and targeting analysis of lumenal and peripheral thylakoid proteins. Plant Cell 12, 303-304. 

When a Joule heating or a Peltier cooling are used to compensate part of the heat absorbed or liberated in the calorimeter cell, Eq. (17) gives... 

Kneipp K., Haka A.S., Kneipp H., Badizadegan K., Oshizawa N.Y, Boone C., Shafer-Peltier K.E., Motz J.T., Dasari R.R., Feld M.S., Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in single living cells using gold nanoparticles, Appl. Spectrosc. 2002 56 150-154. 

Hsu et al. [1.121] observed recrystallization on the recombinant CD4-IgG with a cryomicroscope cooled to -60 °C by a cascade of four Peltier modules. The observation cell can also be evacuated for freeze drying studies. 

Pelletizing, in pyrometallurgy, 16 140 Pelouze reaction, 17 227 Peltier effect, 21 555 24 428 Pelton wheel turbine, 26 85 Pemanent Red 2B, Strontium Salt, pigment for plastics, 7 366t PEM fuel cell (PEMFC), 12 202-203 PEN, 10 222. See also Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) Penaeid shrimp, aquacultural chemical needs, 3 209... 

Diathermal-compensation calorimeters here again, sample temperature follows surroundings temperature (usually constant in adsorption experiments), but now by means of a power compensation within the sample cell (i.e. Joule or Peltier effect). This reduces the response time. 

The part of the cell traversed by the incident and reflected rays is made of quartz, and the base of the cell may be composed of ceramic covered with a film of gold to provide reflectance. The cell is maintained at a constant measurement temperature, generally using a system based on the Peltier effect. 

Sauge-Merle, S., Cuine, S., Carrier, P., Lecomte-Pradines, C., Luu, D.T., Peltier, G. (2003). Enhanced toxic metal accumulation in engineered bacterial cells expressing Arabidopsis thaliana ph dochelatin synthase. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 490-4. 

An AFM apparatus, PicoSPM manufactured by Molecular Imaging (Ml), which is schematically shown in Fig. 1, was used. The temperature of the liquid cell can easily be controlled from the bottom side of the cell, onto which Peltier cooling device is equipped. MI guarantees temperature control with O.PC accuracy. 

Comparing (3) and (4) with the Helmholtz equation for the E.M.F. of a galvanic cell, we find that the Peltier effect corresponds to the latent heat of the cell and the values of cr (the... 

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