Peeling techniques application

This is likely to increase the penetration of the acids unnecessarily. EPS was designed to avoid any pre-peel treatment. Application of EPS should be delayed for 2 weeks if there has been any pre-peel preparation EPS uses the stratum corneum as a reservoir for the slow release of the acids, and if it has been damaged, it can no longer fulfil this role and the acids will penetrate too rapidly through the thirmed layer of skin. Body skin is much less permeable than face skin. This is why an abrasive technique has been described earlier in this chapter. 

The study of acid-base interaction is an important branch of interfacial science. These interactions are widely exploited in several practical applications such as adhesion and adsorption processes. Most of the current studies in this area are based on calorimetric studies or wetting measurements or peel test measurements. While these studies have been instrumental in the understanding of these interfacial interactions, to a certain extent the interpretation of the results of these studies has been largely empirical. The recent advances in the theory and experiments of contact mechanics could be potentially employed to better understand and measure the molecular level acid-base interactions. One of the following two experimental procedures could be utilized (1) Polymers with different levels of acidic and basic chemical constitution can be coated on to elastomeric caps, as described in Section 4.2.1, and the adhesion between these layers can be measured using the JKR technique and Eqs. 11 or 30 as appropriate. For example, poly(p-amino styrene) and poly(p-hydroxy carbonyl styrene) can be coated on to PDMS-ox, and be used as acidic and basic surfaces, respectively, to study the acid-base interactions. (2) Another approach is to graft acidic or basic macromers onto a weakly crosslinked polyisoprene or polybutadiene elastomeric networks, and use these elastomeric networks in the JKR studies as described in Section 4.2.1. 

Stone PA, Lefer LG (2001) Modified phenol chemical face peels recognizing the role of application technique. Clin Facial Plast Surg 9 351-376... 

What would produce a superficial peel with one practitioner could in fact result in a medium peel with another who uses the same product with a different application technique. This is why peels are often considered to be doctor-dependent . 

ETCA is repeated four times at weekly intervals to provide ideal stimulation of the skin regeneration processes. The post-peel cream and ETCA application technique allows for this repetition. 

The application technique used by the doctor, how carefully he applies the peel and his experience are aU factors that influence the outcome of treatment. 

Another application technique for EPS can be considered, especially for patients with resistant skin who would benefit from a more intense tightening effect. EPS is applied following the usual protocol as described later on in this chapter, but it is repeated more frequently. Applying the solution more frequently requires great care and experience. Daily applications of EPS allow the peel to gradually penetrate more deeply. After a few days, small scabs will start to appear, signaling that the maximum depth has been reached and must not be passed. Within about 2 weeks, the scabs will have healed, and daily applications can be started again. Appropriate cosmeceuticals should be used between the two series of daily peels. For quicker results, the EPS can also be applied two or three times a week (e.g. on Saturday, Monday and Wednesday), especially on thick and oily male skin or in cases of acne. 

With regard to acne, in 80% of cases, the first application of ETCA to active papulopustular facial lesions improves their number and severity by 50%, and the lesions seem to heal without scarring. ETCA is applied on the basis of one peel per week for 4 weeks that clear the lesions almost completely without having to resort to antibiotics. Deep wrinkles and acne scars do not disappear they lie deep under the skin and even phenol or carbon dioxide laser resurfacing cannot always treat them. A combination of several different techniques is clearly needed in these indications. 

The techniques described are for patients with phototype 1 to III. To treat patients with a higher phototype (IV to VI), extra precautions are needed the skin should be prepared by application of Blending Bleaching cream twice a day for 2-3 weeks before the peel sun protection cream (Melablock HSP 50-I-) should be used, and exposure of the skin to daylight should be avoided. The peel should be applied carefully, and great care should be taken not to have any excess solution. 

Brown and Kaplan presented a more complex solution of phenol (at varying concentrations between 60% and 95%) mixed with saponified cresol in oil at concentrations of up to 10%. The application technique included a patch test behind the ear. This test made it possible to assess the necrotic effect of the solution on the patient. If the necrosis was too severe, the test was repeated with increasing concentrations of oil until the right solution for the patient was found. They recommended applying the solution area by area, leaving 2 hours between applications. The peel took 2 days to complete. 

Moderate (tame) its systemic toxicity. Different substances have been combined with phenol to reduce its adverse effects. It should be noted that the only demonstrated way to avoid cardiac toxicity lies in the application technique for a full-face phenol peel. 

The application technique and pre-peel and post-peel care have very important roles. The latest formulations are therefore tamed and adjuvanted. 

Treatment will consist of a spot application of Lip Eyelid formula on the upper lip (using an occlusive technique), combined with one Easy TCA peel per week for 4 weeks to even out the skin tone. Daily care comprises Blending Bleaching cream and Melablock HSP 50H-. ... 

Publications on peels mention different possibilities, and once again it is the formula used that determines the application procedure and the need for an occlusive or open technique. 

Poor application technique can lead to inadequate results. The technique should be corrected and Lip Eyelid should be reapplied after 6 weeks. The second peel will heal more quickly than the first. 

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