Pectin processing

The amidation (which may come from pectin processing) is present in citrus pectin and at a lower extent in apple pectin [59]. As indicated for example in Table 7.5.1, peak 31 is a mixture, and in the pyrolysates of citrus pectin and apple pectin this peak consists mainly of 2-hydroxypyridine. Citrus pectin pyrolysate also contains a significant level of pyrrolcarboxaldehyde (peak at 71.6 min. in Figure 7.5.1 C). 

Determination of Na " and Na" ions in raw cosmetic materials was conducted with the developed method of flame photometry. A necessity of development of method of samples preparation arose up in the work process, as this spicily-aromatic raw material contained pectin in amount 0.1-0.5% and that prevented preparation of samples by standard method of extracts dilution and required incineration of analyzed sample, time of analysis was increased in 60 times. It was established that CaCl, solution with the concentration 0,4 % caused destmctions of the carbopol gel. It was established that the addition of 0,1% CaCl, and 0,1% NaCl salts solutions into the system intensified the effect of negative action of these salts onto the gel stmcture and the gel destmcted completely. 

Climatic conditions, age, and the digestion process influence not only the structure of fibers but also the chemical composition. Mean values of components of plant fibers are shown in Table 4. With the exception of cotton, the components of natural fibers are cellulose, hemi-cellu-lose, lignin, pectin, waxes, and water-soluble substances. 

Process leaks of sugars, fats, colloidal materials, pectins, emulsions, and proteins cause stable foams in the boiler, leading to carryover and a further contamination cycle. 

Process leaks from food and beverage production or wood leachates often produce sugars, colloidal materials, pectins, emulsions, and proteins that cause stable foams in the boiler. These lead to carryover and further steam-condensate line contamination. The temporary use of a demulsifier or defoamer as part of the water treatment program may be of particular benefit, but again the condensate is unsuitable for return to the boiler. Other process leaks include ... 

In our investigations, we also detected the sorption of isoPO from potato, Arabidopsis and wheat, by calcium pectate. Moreover, we observed the binding with calcium pectate of potato PO from the fraction of proteins ionically bound with cell walls. It is likely that the ability of some PO isoforms to bind with pectin ensures the spatial proximity of these enzymes to the sites of the initiation of lignin synthesis and that these "pectin-specific" isoforms take part in this process. 

These studies demonstrate that the processing of cactus pears into coloring preparations is feasible. It is now up to companies to exploit the enormous potential of these fruits. The by-products from Opuntia processing such as seeds and peels could be further processed into vegetable oil and pectin, respectively. 

When cell-wall fragments are incubated in molar NaCl, ionically bound proteins are released into the incubation medium. All investigated crude cell extracts deesterified Citrus pectin (Table 2) but the deesterification rates were clearly higher when the enzymes were still bound to the cell walls, indicating a major loss of activity during the solubilization process. 

Schols HA, Posthumus MA, Voragen AGJ (1990b) Structural features of hairy regions of pectins isolated from apple juice produced by the liquefaction process. Carbohydr Res 206 117-129... 

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