Pecteno toxin

The toxins responsible for DSP include a series of polyether molecules (including okadaic acid and six derivatives of dinophysistoxin), four pecteno-toxins (polyether lactones), and yessotoxins (including two sulfate esters that resemble brevetoxins) (Murata, 1982 Murata, 1987 Tachibana et al., 1981 Yasumoto, 1989). Diarrhetic shellfish poisons are produced primarily by dinoflagellates from the genera Dinophysis, although Prorocentrum lima also produces both okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 (Heredia-Tapia et al., 2002). 

Sasaki, K., Wright, J. L.C., and Yasumoto, X (1998). Identification and characterization of pect-enotoxin (PTX) 4 and PTX7 as spiroketal stereoisomers of two previously reported pecteno-toxins. J. Org. Chem. 63, 2475-2480. 

M Ishige, N Satoh, T Yasumoto. Pathological studies on the mice administered with the causative agent of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (okadaic acid and pecteno toxin-2). Report from the Hokkaido Institute of Health 38 15-19, 1988. 

Leira, E. et al.. Characterization of E-actin depolymerization as a major toxic event induced by pecteno-toxin-6 in neuroblastoma ceUs, Biochem Pharmacol 63, 1979, 2002. 

FIGURE 16.10 LC-MS/MS product ion spectra obtained for the [M+NHJ ions m/z 892.5) of pecteno-toxin-11 (a) and pectenotoxin-1 (b). All m/z values have been rounded off. 

James, K.J., Bishop, A.G., Draisci, R., Ralleschi, L., Marchiafava, C., Ferretti, E., Satake, M., and Yasumoto, T., Liquid chromatographic methods for the isolation and identification of new pecteno-toxin-2 analogues from marine phytoplankton and shellfish. J. Chromatogr. A 844, 53,1999. 

James, K.J. et al. Liquid chromatographic methods for the isolation and identification of new pecteno-toxin analogues from marine phytoplankton and shellfish, J. Chromatogr. A 844, 53, 1999. 

Suzuki, T. et al. Identification of pecteno toxin-11 as 345-hydroxypectenotoxin-2, a new pectenotoxin analogue in the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta from New Zealand, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19, 310, 2006. 

Terao, K., et al., Histopathological studies of experimental marine toxin poisoning 1. Ultrastrnctnral changes in the small intestine and liver of suckling mice induced by dinophysistoxin-1 and pecteno-... 

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