Pauling, Herman

An interesting footnote to history a Swiss physician, Paul Herman Muller, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1948, for his work on DDT and its use in controlling insects that transmit malaria and typhus. 

The most important type of thermal [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions is known as the Diels-Alder reaction, as this reaction was discovered by Otto Paul Herman Diels and Kurt Alder in 1928 [19]. It may be noted that both of them awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for their contributions on the development of the Diels-Alder reaction. These reactions are defined as the concerted [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions of conjugated dienes with an alkene or alkyne. The alkene or alkyne is known as dienophile. Hence, these reactions are described as [jt" +jt ]-cycloaddition reactions. These reactions are carried out by heating the compounds alone or in an inert solvent or in the presence of a Lewis acid. An alkene or alkyne having electron-withdrawing substituent acts as an effective dienophile. These reactions proceed stereospecificaUy to syn-addition with respect to both diene and dienophile. 

Pauling, L., Herman, Z.S., Kamb, B.J. Reliability of the Pair-Defect-Sum Approximation for the Strength of Valence-Bond Orbitals Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1982, 79, 1361— 1365. 

Pauling, L. Herman, Z.S. Valence-Bond Concepts in Coordination Chemistry and the Nature of Metal-Metal Bonds J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 582-587. 

Herman, Z.S. Pauling, L. Hybrid Bond Orbitals and Bond Strengths for Pentacovalent Bonding Croat. Chem. Acta 1984, 57, 765-778. 

Dr. Zelek Herman Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist, Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, California... 

Most of the selected papers contain reference citations to other Pauling papers, some selected for inclusion here and some not. To help the reader make use of these citations, a citation index of the selected papers is included as Appendix II. It enables any selected paper (represented by its SP number) to be found in the anthology from a reference to it in another paper. Its Herman-Munro publication number y-n is also given. 

Z.S. Herman and D.B. Munro, The Publications of Professor Linus Pauling. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif., 100 pp., (1996). Unpublished ms. microfiche deposited in the Library of the Royal Society of London. 

Professor Mark s story is told in three chapters by the Editor and four reminiscences by Rudolf Brill (whose association with Mark dates back to 1922), Hans Mark (his son), Linus Pauling, and Maurice Morton. The history of polymer science is given in separate chapters by the Editor, Robert Simha (who has worked with Professor Mark in two countries), and Carl Speed Marvel. One chapter by Charles Carraher gives an up to the minute report on the status of polymer education. The remainder of the book is a collection of reviews and previews of specific, timely topics in polymer science. Despite the diversity of topics, each area covered has contributions from Herman Mark. 

In 1930, R. Wierl and Mark studied N. Davidson and J. Germer s experiments on electron diffraction. Employing their wide experience in instrumentation, they promptly constructed an improved electron scattering apparatus. With this instrument, they determined the interatomic distances in a number of molecules and published a series of papers on the technique and their findings (17, 18, 19). Mark s contributions to the field of crystal structure are discussed in a later chapter of this volume and will not be covered in more detail here (see Pauling, L. "Herman Mark and the Structure of Crystals", this volume.). 

D. D. Eley EDITED BY Herman Pines Paul B. Weisz... 

In 1938-1939, advances in the forensic detection of arsenic allowed officials to uncover an extensive murder ring in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States (Young, 2000). Four individuals were convicted of being involved in the arsenic poisoning of approximately 50-100 people for insurance money. Two of the convicts, Morris Bolber and Carina Favato, cooperated with authorities and received life in prison. The other two, cousins Paul and Herman Petrillo, were executed in 1940 and 1941, respectively (Young, 2000). 

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