Pattern recognition Perturbation

Metabolomics studies the entire metabolism of an organism. It is possible to consider characterising the complex pattern of cellular proteins and metabolites that are excreted in urine. Pattern recognition techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been applied to determine the dose-response using certain classical liver and kidney toxicants (Robertson et al, 2000). This could well provide a signature of the functional state of the kidney, and perturbations in the pattern as a result of exposure to a chemical could be observed. But first it would be necessary to understand how compounds with known effects on the kidney affect these processes. 

A major challenge is probing cells with analytical tools and artificially created nanomaterials with minimal perturbation of cell function or impact on cell viability. The potential to impact biocompatibiUty and avoid biofouling highlights the importance of pattern recognition and signal processing, topics covered in details later in this chapter. 

Fortunately, the imino forms of A and C and the enol forms of G and T occur rarely. Most A C and G T mispairs observed to date in high-resolution crystal structures (e.g., References 22 and 23) associate through a wobble configuration (14), with the bases sheared past one another relative to the Watson-Crick configuration (Table 1 and Fig. 1). These structural perturbations (Table 1 and Table 2) alter the patterns of atomic charges and accessibihty that are presumably required for protein recognition and enzymatic action (see discussion below). 

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