Pathophysiological State

Uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes is accompanied not only by defective carbohydrate metabolism, which results in hyperglycemia, h3q)erlipidemia, and hyperketonemia, but it is also associated with hormonal perturbation, including a reduction in circulating testosterone, thyroid hormone, and plasma Gtf . As described earlier in this chapter, these hormones regulate many liver P450 enzymes, either directly or indirectly. Accordingly, the diabetic state is 

The profile of GH secretion in the diabetic male rat is altered so as to resemble the pattern found in the normal female The induction of CYP2A1 and CYP2C7 in diabetic male rats can therefore be explained, at least in part, as a response to the more continuous pattern of GH secretion, which stimulates expression of these P450 forms In 

---

Out of those PTKs involved in pathophysiological states a relatively small number show up in cancers and other proliferative states. For example, overexpression of the EGF receptor kinase is the hallmark of most, if not all,... 

Strategies are now being developed to use hypoxia-inducible promoters for applications in gene therapy (Rinsch et al., 1997 Shibata et al., 2000). Hypoxia provides not only a means of inducing HIF-dependent promoters, but also a means of selective expression in a pathophysiological state. 

Homey, C.J., Vatner, S.F., and Vatner, D.E. 1991. 3-adrenergic receptor regulation in the heart in pathophysiologic states abnormal adrenergic responsiveness in cardiac disease. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53 137-159. 

Choi, A.M.K., Otterbein, L.E. (2002). Emerging role of carbon monoxide in physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Anti-oxid. Redox Signal. 4 227-8. 

Lu Y, Lohitnavy M, Reddy MB, Lohitnavy O, Ashley A, Yang RSH. An updated physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for hexachlorobenzene Incorporation of pathophysiological states following partial hepatectomy and hexachlorobenzene treatment. Toxicol Sci 2006 91 29-41. 

The human body is composed of many different compounds and elements the concentration or activities of these analytes are a reflection of the individual s health or pathophysiological state. However, both preanalytical variables and biological variation affect the concentration or activities of these analytes. ... 

Dysautonomias also range from mechanistically straightforward disorders in which altered autonomic function plays a primary pathophysiological role (e.g., pure autonomic failure), to conditions in which altered autonomic fimction worsens an independent pathophysiological state (e.g., cardiac failure), and to more mysterious disorders in which the involvement of the autonomic nervous system is less clear (e.g., chronic fatigue syndrome). Abnormalities of blood pressure control represent the common presenting cfinical features of the dysautonomias. In those involving... 

---