United Kingdom patents

An often forgotten source for some patent family information is the CLAIMS database. Although its direct coverage is limited to U.S. patents, it includes limited patent family information up to 1979, for Belgium, Prance, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Some of this information from the pre-1970 era is found in no other on-line database. An earHer discussion of patent family databases has recentiy been updated (18). 

Acetylsalicylic acid [50-78-2] (i9-acetyoxyben2oic acid) was first synthesized in 1853 by reaction of acetyl chloride with sodium saUcylate. As a dmg, acetylsahcyhc acid was introduced in Germany in 1899 and into the United States in 1900. The first U.S. patent (35) for the manufacture of acetylsaUcyhc acid expired in 1917. Aspirin is a registered trademark of Bayer in many nations, but in the United States and the United Kingdom, aspirin is accepted as the generic name for acetylsahcyhc acid (36). 

Courts in both the United States and the United Kingdom have had to deal with this issue in patent infringements unrelated to pharmaceutical science. 

ODORGARD A process for removing odorous gases from air streams by scrubbing with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a proprietary heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst contains nickel and is based on the HYDECAT catalyst. Developed by ICI Katalco and F. H. H. Valentin. Nine units had been installed in the United Kingdom by 1995. World Patent WO 94/11091. 

The findings of these studies are in accordance with an earlier study performed by the British economists Taylor and Silberston. Based on a survey of R D managers in the United Kingdom, they estimated that pharmaceutical R D expenditures would be reduced by 64% in the absence of patent protections. By contrast, the corresponding reduction was only 8% across all industries. Similar findings were reported by Edwin Mansfield, in a survey of the research directors of 100 U.S. corporations. ... 

The Pfizer group in the United Kingdom has been actively involved in the search for new Class III antiarrhythmic agents. It has patented a variety of structural types that make extensive use of the methylsulphonylamino moiety. These include indanes [173,174], pyridines [175,176], piperazines [177-179], benzazepines [180], bisarylalkylamines [181] and diazabicyclic compounds [182], From this extensive work, two compounds, UK-66914 (65) and UK-68798 (66), have entered clinical trials. Compound (65) increases the effective refractory period (ERP) of ferret papillary muscle by 25% at a concentration of 0.5 //M [183]. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies... 

Another convention is the Patent Co-operation Treaty, to which the United Kingdom is a party along with members in both North and South America, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, as well as most of the EPC countries and other European countries. This facilitates, making many national applications by filing in the single Patent Office. Thereafter, the individual national procedures operate independently, leading again to separate national patents. 

In early 1995 Diversified Remediation Controls (DRC) partnered with a United Kingdom corporation to introduce the patented Turbostripper into the U.S. market. 

The use of ionising radiation for the preservation of food is not a new technology. In fact, about 90 years ago, a patent was issued in the United Kingdom (UK) which detailed the use of the process for the preservation of foods, especially cereals. Despite this initial interest in the technology, progress was hindered because of the limited availability of suitable sources of ionising radiation. 

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