Mansfield, Edwin

Mansfield, Edwin. 1977. The Production and Application of New Industrial Technology. New York W. W. Norton. 

Mansfield, Edwin. 1986. Patents and Innovation An Empirical Study. Management Science 52 2) l75-m. 

Mansfield, Edwin, et al., Research and Innovation in the Modern Corporation, 34, Table 2.6, Norton, New York, 1971. 

Mansfield, Edwin (1995). Intellectual Property Protection, Foreign Direct Investment, and Technology Transfer Germany, Japan, and the us. Discussion Paper No. 27. Washington, DC World Bank. 

Mansfield, Edwin, John Rapoport, Anthony Romeo, and George Beardsley, "Studies of Social and Private Rates of Return from Industrial Innovations", Final Report to the National Science Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., September, 1975. 

Mansfield, Edwin, Discussion, in The Economics of Drug Innovation, ... 

Mansfield, Edwin. "Basic Research and Productivity Increase in Manufacturing." American Economic Review, 70, pp. 863-873, December 1980. 

Mansfield, Edwin. "Tax Policy and Innovation." Science, pp. 1365-1371, March 12, 1982. 

Mansfield, Edwin, 1961, Technical Change and the Rate of Imitation, Econometrica 2, 741-766. 

Mansfield, Edwin, 1963, The Speed of Response of Firms to New Techniques, Quarterly Journal of Economics 77, 290-311. 

Mansfield, Edwin, 1968, Industrial Research and Technological Innovation An Econometric Analysis, New York Norton. 

Mansfield, Edwin, 1989, The Diffusion of Industrial Robots in Japan and the United States, Research Policy 18, 183-192. 

Mansfield, Edwin, Anthony Romeo, 1984, Reverse Transfer of Technology from Overseas Subsidiaries to American Firms, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM-31 (3), 122-127. 

Mansfield, Edwin, David Teece, Anthony Romeo, 1979, Overseas Research and Development by US-based Firms, Economica 46, 187-196. 

The findings of these studies are in accordance with an earlier study performed by the British economists Taylor and Silberston. Based on a survey of R D managers in the United Kingdom, they estimated that pharmaceutical R D expenditures would be reduced by 64% in the absence of patent protections. By contrast, the corresponding reduction was only 8% across all industries. Similar findings were reported by Edwin Mansfield, in a survey of the research directors of 100 U.S. corporations. ... 

In a follow-on study, Silberston categorized three groups of industries for when patents are essential, very important or less important on the basis of both survey responses and objective analyses (patent and R D intensity). He concluded that, "The first category consists of one industry only, pharmaceuticals." Edwin Mansfield surveyed the R D director of 100 U.S. corporations on what fraction of the inventions they introduce, between 1981 and 1983 would not have been developed without patent protection. For pharmaceuticals, the value was 60%, while the average across all industries was 14%. ... 

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