Passive display

Simple LCDs. The simplest LCD displays, such as calculators and watches, typically do not have their own light sources. Instead, they have what is known as passive display. In back of the LCD display is a reflective surface. Light enters the display and then bounces off the reflective surface to allow for the screen display. Simple LCDs are monochromatic and have specific areas (typically bars or dots) that become light or dark. While these devices are lower-powered, some do still use a light source of their own. Alarm clocks, for example, have light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as part of their display so that they can be seen in the dark. 

Although apparently still in very early stages of development both active and bistable passive display devices featuring solid electrolytes have been patented ... 

Active-Matrix LCDs. Increase in FPD size along with demand for video response equivalent to the CRT made it necessary to avoid the high level of cross talk between adjacent pixels in passive displays. The nonlinear response of the liquid crystals was no longer suffieient and it became apparent that a switch was needed at each pixel. In principle, several switching technologies could be utilized since they all could be fabricated with films and photolithography. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices, diodes, and transistors have all been tried. Thin-fihn transistors (TFTs) have performed the best and as a result have been adopted for most active-matrix applications. 

Rectifiers working according to the control diagram in Fig. 8-6 are used for anodic corrosion protection in passivatable systems that go spontaneously from the passive to the active state when the protection current is switched off [12]. The predetermined nominal voltage between reference electrode and protected object is compared with the actual voltage f/j in a differential display unit D. The difference AU = is amplified in a voltage amplifier SV to VqAU. This... 

FIGURE 10.3 Passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion may be distinguished graphically. The plots for facilitated diffusion are similar to plots of enzyme-catalyzed processes (Chapter 14) and they display saturation behav-... 

The 18% Ni maraging steels do not display passivity and normally undergo uniform surface attack in the common environments. Of more serious consequence, however, for all high strength steels, is the degree of susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (s.c.c.). 

Passive immunity is obtained from the administration of immune globulins or antivenins. This type of immunity provides die individual with ready-made antibodies from another human or an animal (see Pig. 54-1). Passive immunity provides immediate immunity to die invading antigen, but lasts for only a short time. The Summary Drug Table Agents for Fhssive Immunity identifies agents for passive immunizations. Display 54-4 provides an example of passive immunity. 

Figure 5.30 Drawing of a spectrum with cross-peak at v., Vx in an AMX system. The active couplings display an antiphase disposition of peaks. If we read horizontally./xx is active and /xm passive if we read vertically, is active and Jmx passive.

It is evident in Figure 3.5 that the two displayed spectra are slightly different in the band intensities and observed spectral features. This approach is thus suitable for analysing the characteristic band structures to enhance the bio-compatibility of the sapphire lenses, and the surface passivation process enabled more optimized biocompatible lenses to be fabricated. 

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