Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis system

Igarashi H, Koizumi K, Muranaka M (1978) Eliciting antigenicities of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin and carbenicillin preparations examined with the reagin-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis system. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 57 341-348 Jansson S-0, Andersson I (1977) Determination of salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic anhydride and acetylsalicylsalicylic acid in acetylsalicylic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Acta Pharm Suec 14 161-170... 

Although human anaphylaxis is a systemic reaction, the mouse model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PGA) has been used extensively to enhance our understanding of mechanisms which also may contribute to systemic anaphylaxis. Unlike systemic anaphylaxis in the mouse, PGA appears to be entirely dependent on mast cells [4,6]. While IgE appears to be the primary antibody isotype that mediates PCA reactions in actively immunized mice, activation of FcyRIII by a fraction of IgGl antibodies (called anaphylactic IgGl) can also mediate PCA reactions in mice [4]. 

Fig. 2. IgG-mediated systemic versus local anaphylaxis, a IgG-mediated systemic anaphylaxis. When allergen-IgG immune complexes are formed in the circulation, basophils immediately capture them through IgG receptors on their surface and are activated to release PAF, that in turn act on vascular endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular permeability, b Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. When allergen-IgG immune complexes are formed in the skin, they stimulate tissue-resident mast cells to release chemical mediators such as histamine, leading to local inflammation. 

Typical protocols for dermal sensitization, active systemic anaphylaxis, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests are given in the article Animals in Drug Development, in this encyclopedia. In a typical gel-diffusion test, solutions of test compound, egg albumin (positive control), or vehicle (usually saline) are mixed with complete Freund s adjuvant. These mixtures are injected into animals (usually guinea pigs) of the... 

Arbortristoside A (4) and C (6) showed activity against passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and mast cells stabilizing activity [138]. This compound provided protection to mice against systemic infection of Candida albicans [139]. 

Anaphylaxis - The acute and rapid reaction of an animal having an immediate type of allergy to an antigenic challenge. The reaction can be active if the animal was Itself the producer of the responsible antibodies or passive if the antibodies had been administered preformed. Anaphylaxis can furthermore be systemic or local, an example of the latter being passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PGA). 

Allergy a hypersensitivity of the immune apparatus s pathological immune reaction induced either by antibodies (immediate hypersensitivity) or by lymphoid cells (delayed type A.). Unlike the delayed type, immediate hypersensitivity can be passively transmitted in the serum. Symptoms of immediate hy-peisensitivity begin shortly after contact and decay rapidly, but delayed type symptoms do not attain a maximum for 24-48 hours then decline slowly over days or weeks Examples of immediate type A. are anaphylaxis the Arthus reaction and serum sickness. The best known A., anaphylaxia, can occur as a local (cutaneous) reaction (e.g. a rash with blisters) or as a systemic reaction (anaphylactic shock). Asthma, hay fever and nettle rashes are also examples of local anaphylactic reactions which are induced by reagins (see Immunoglobulins IgE). Only primates can be sensitized by injection with human reagins. An example of delayed type A. is the tuberculin reaction, which is based on a cellular immune response. 

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