Partide deformability

Except for the thermodynamically stable a modification, there exist also numerous metastable modifications, denoted y, %, T], i, e, 5, 6, and k. These modifications are often used as supports for catalysts. All metastable modifications have a partially deformed closely packed hexagonal oxygen sublattice with various configurations of interstitial aluminum atoms. On approaching the equilibrium, the crystal lattice becomes more ordered until the stable a modification is formed. The type of metastable polymorph influences the morphology of the formed a-Al203 partides. 

Nilsson (1955) extended the single-particle shell model to deformed potentials. The solutions of the Schrodinger equation then depend on deformation also. In the independent-partide model (Wagemans 1991) the sum of the single-particle energies of an even-even nucleus is given by... 

Today, benzoic acid (flakes or fines) is probably the most broadly applicable diverter type, as it is soluble in water and oil and sublimes in gas. Benzoic acid may also be dissolved in water (as ammonium benzoate) and in alcohol. When contacted by water at reservoir pH, benzoic acid dissolved in either aqueous or alcohol solution is precipitated as a smaller, softer, and more easily deformed partide. This form of benzoic acid diverter may be used with more confidence in gravel pack completions, for example. 

Figure 9 shows bi-level resist patterns obtained with TSPS/MP-1300 bi-level resist systems using electron-beam exposure. The TSPS functional groups are methyl and chloromethyl, and the eqiosure dose was 16 /u.C/cm. Using Oj-RIE, 0.1 jLim line-and-space patterns and 0.2 /Ltm space patterns can be transferred accurately to the bottom layer, without thermal deformation. Figure 10 shows 0.075 lira line-and-space patterns, obtained with TSPS/MP-1300 bi-level resist system, which are possible using the small partide size of TSPS. 

If the partides are readily deformable, they can be flattaaed by this effect. These ellipsoids then show shape... 

In Figures 28 and 29, the rdaxation process seen at < >0.1s" is attributed to that of the matrix AS copoljmier, and the extra process seen at lower co is due to the B partides. If there were no spedfic interactions between the B particles, the G data of those ABS systems could be described by the Palieme modd (eqns [75] and [77]). However, the extra relaxation process seen in Figures 28 and 29 is slower than that expected from this modd, indicating that the modulus for this process is sustained by mechanisms other than the deformation of the B partides. Detailed analysis suggested that the slow process in the ABS resin A results from the Brownian motion of the nonaggregating B partides (with process observed for nonpolymeric Brownian suspensions of nanopartides that have... 

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