Particle size determination, light scattering

Maron, S.H. and Elder, M.E., Determination of latex particle size by light scattering 1. Minimum intensity method, J. Colloid Set, 18, 107-118, 1963. 

Size and Morphology of Liposomes. The size of the particles was determined light scattering (Coulter particle counter). Morphology of the particles was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a Zeiss EM-10 microscope. A drop of each dispersion was dried on a carbon coated copper grid and then stained with 2 % aq. phosphotungstic acid. 

FIGURE 1 Effect of (sequential) extrusion of MLV dispersions through polycarbonate membrane filters (Unipore) with pore sizes of 1.0, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1 ym on the mean liposome diameter. DXR-containing MLV (phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine/ cholesterol 10 1 4) mean diameter of nonextruded dispersion about 2 ym pH 4. Mean particle size determined by dynamic Light scattering (Nanosizer, Coulter Electronics). (From Crommelin and Storm, 1987.)... 

Laser diffraction Interaction of a laser beam with particles and detection of the scattered light X Particle size determination... 

Particle Size Determination Using Angular Light Scattering... 

The most difficult part of particle size estimation is related to the determination methods themselves. Particle size determination is complicated by size distribution, the presence of particle associations, and the shape of particles. If particles are not spherical, more than one parameter is needed to describe them and if the shape of the particle is irregular, numerous parameters are needed to express their dimensions. The method used for particle size determination (sieving, light scattering, microscopy, etc.) determines what dimensional aspects are measured. In addi-... 

Bommireddi A, Li L, Stephens D, Robinson D, Ginsberg E. Particle size determination of a flocculated suspension using a light scattering particle analyzer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998 24 1089-1093. 

The dry samples of silica-coated alumina were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Specific surface area was determined by nitrogen adsorption (BET). Particle-size determination was made by low-angle forward scattering of light from a laser beam (Leeds and Northrup s Microtrac particle sizer) and by monitoring sedimentation with a finely collimated beam of low-energy x-rays and a detector (Micromeritics Sedigraph 5100). 

Electron Microscopy. The electron microscope provides a direct method for determining dimensions of colloidal particles (Figure 4.7). With improved equipment, individual particles as small as only 1-2 nm can be discerned, but measuring the diameter of particles smaller than 5 nm is difficult. Alexander and Her (142) first demonstrated that the particle size of colloidal silica measured by the electron microscope correlated well with particle size determined by light scattering in solution, and also with the size calculated from the specific surface area of the dried silica powder. 

Schnablegger H, Glatter O (1993) Simultaneous determination of size distribution and refractive index of colloidal particles from static light-scattering experiments. J Colloid Interface Sci 158(l) 228-242... 

Particle Size Determination 9.50 34A Introduction to Particle Size Analysis 950 34B Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering 951 34C Dynamic Light Scattering 955 34D Photosedimentation 958 Questions and Problems 962... 

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