Particle size analysis data presentation

Figure 8 answers the question for the suitable kind of presentation of particle size analysis data for statistically evaluation. 

Using the data from Table IV, together with the results of the particle size analysis, the mass of each element associated with each fraction of a 100 g soil sample is presented in Table... 

Analysis of Encapsulated Orange Oil. The influence of particle size on the chemical properties was first examined. The chemical data of three powders are presented in Table II. The moisture content of all powders was quite comparable. 

In this study we present the first in-situ formation of a ternary transition metal oxide within the pores of MCM-48 silica. XRD measurements showed the preservation of the host structure as well as the formation of 5-6 nm small particles. In addition, the analysis of nitrogen physisorption data revealed the existence of mesopores with smaller pore diameters and surface areas in comparison to the pristine phase, which can be attributed to the introduction of the Co/Fe/O phase into the pores. First qualitative XANES and EXAFS analyses support the formation of CoFe204 nanoparticles. TEM investigations on particle size and structure are in progress. To learn more about the properties of the oxide nanoparticles Mossbauer and magnetic measurements have to be carried out, which are planned for the future. 

The most commonly used approach to quantify the concurrent flux of algal exudates to heterotrophic bacteria is to combine the 14C-tracer method with a differential filtration step in which free-living bacteria are physically separated from phytoplankton and excreted DOM (reviewed by Baines and Pace, 1991). The data presented in this review indicate that, on average, 46% of the excreted DOM is incorporated by bacteria. One limitation of this approach is that bacteria attached to particles are largely excluded from the analysis, but this can, to some extent, be overcome by monitoring the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in both size fractions (Sondergaard et al., 1985). 

Multiple Pass Analysis. Pike and coworkers (13) have provided a method to increase the resolution of the ordinary least squares algorithm somewhat. It was noted that any reasonable set of assumed particle sizes constitutes a basis set for the inversion (within experimental error). Thus, the data can be analyzed a number of times with a different basis set each time, and the results combined. A statistically more-probable solution results from an average of the several equally-likely solutions. Although this "multiple pass analysis".helps locate the peaks of the distribution with better resolution and provides a smoother presentation of the result, it can still only provide limited resolution without the use of a non-negatively constrained least squares technique. We have shown, however, that the combination of both the non-negatively constrained calculation and the multiple pass analysis gives the advantages of both. 

A model is presented to predict flow transition between trickling and pulsing flow in cocurrent downflow trickle-bed reactors. Effects of gas and liquid flow rates, particle size, and pressure on the transition are studied. Comparison of theory with published transition data from pilot-scale reactors shows good agreement. Since the analysis is independent of reactor size, calculations are extended to include large-scale columns some interesting observations concerning flow transition and liquid holdup are obtained. 

CLSM) has been used to generate three-dimensional information on particle size, shape and porosity [141]. The CLSM has been used to measure particle size distribution in situ and ex situ using computer based image analysis system [142]. A model was developed to assess processing conditions to produce a floe with desirable characteristics in an enhanced actinide removal. Ferreira et.al. [143] present some additional methods of measuring wood pulp fibers and compares these with data from CLSM... 

In many industries, particle size measurements have been carried out historically by sieve analysis and light scattering instruments are increasingly replacing this. In order to correlate with historic data banks some manufacturers have software to manipulate the data so as to present the size distribution in terms of sieve diameter. 

Analysis of Size-Fractionated Particles. A series of samples was analyzed by both methods of analysis, and the results of two samples that were collected on different days are shown in Tables III and IV. The data shown in Table III illustrate that there are probably two origins of the elements. Vanadium, bromine, manganese, copper, mercury, chromium, and zinc increase in concentration as the particle size decreases. This inverse relationship is expected if these particles are emitted by high-temperature combustion processes such as automobiles and power plants (which are the major sources in this area). Sodium, aluminum, iron, scandium, and cobalt were present in an approximately uniform distribution throughout the particle size range. This relationship results... 

If the sample is extremely well defined (e.g. a polycrystalline metal foil) then EXAFS data can be analysed very reliably. The output of the analysis gives the number of scatterers and their distance from the emitting atom. If the sample is less well defined as in the case of a typical supported metal catalyst where a distribution of particle sizes is present, the data analysis is more open to criticism. Essentially, EXAFS gives the average environment around a particular elemental species in the sample. 

A formal derivation of steady state particle size distributions during catalyst sintering has not been made before. Their existence adds validity to the use of steady state dispersions during the kinetic analysis of sintering data. At the same time, this provides an interesting perspective for reanalyzing the present ideas about sintering mechanisms. 

There has been significant research in the area of particle size characterization of pharmaceutical aerosols since the early 1990s. The focus has been not only on methods but on data presentation, analysis, and requirements for regulatory submissions. 

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