Paraho refining

Frumkin, H. A. Owens, E. J. and Sutherland, R. B., "Alternative Refining Routes for Refining Paraho Shale Oil," Chemical Engineering Progress, September 1979, 75 (9) pp 64-72. 

C. E. and Frumkin, H. A., "Refining and Upgrading of Synfuels from Coal and Oil Shales by Advanced Catalytic Processes, First Interim Report, Processing of Paraho Shale Oil," DOE Report No. FE-2315-25, April 1978. 

Although obviously not a coal liquefaction product, shale oil represents another synthetic fuel option. During the last quarter of 1979, the Department of Defense arranged with Standard Oil of Ohio through the Paraho Development Corporation to refine 100,000 barrels of raw shale oil. EPRI arranged for delivery of 4,500 barrels of the hydrotreated 700°F residue. 

Commercial-Scale Refining of Paraho Crude Shale Oil into Military Specification Fuels... 

Robinson, E.T., "Refining of Paraho Shale Oil Into Military specification Fuels", IBID, pg. 195-212. 

Shale-I. Data for a tSir9 JP-5 sample, a ten gallon quantity produced by fractionation of Paraho shale crude followed by 1200 psi catalytic hydrogenation of the jet fuel cut (9), is also shown in Table III. Again this fuel has a distinctly different FIMS fingerprint in response to the refining process used. 

Robinson, E. T. Wasilk, N. J. "The Commercial Scale Refining of Paraho Crude Shale Oil into Military Specification Fuels," in this book. 

The shale derived fuels used in these studies were derived from Paraho crude shale oil. The fuels were prepared by hydrocracking of the total crude, and then fractionation. Both the JP-5 and DEM Shale-II fuels were acid and clay treated in final finishing steps. The refining process which was used is described elsewhere (7). 

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