Pap smear

Before insertion, a complete medical and social history is performed, including Pap smear, gonorrhea, and Chlamydia culture, and tests for other sexually transmitted diseases. 

TP, a 22 year-old woman, presents to your office for a routine gynecologic examination. She entered menarche at the age of 12. Her last menstrual period was 3 months ago. Her periods are often irregular and occur about every 2 to 3 months. She has had all normal Pap smears in the past and no history of sexually transmitted infections. She is currently in a monogamous relationship with a male partner. She has had a total of four sexual partners. She is not taking oral contraceptives and does not routinely use condoms. She has never been pregnant in the past, but she plans on starting a family in the near future. As you examine the patient, you note facial and chest acne, increased facial and abdominal hair, and obesity. 

Educate the patient regarding the importance of obtaining a yearly mammogram and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear (if applicable), as well as performing a monthly breast self-examination. 

Farhood16 specimens paired in Pap smear and cell block for comparison Not de-stained solution, pH 8, steamed for 40 min 8G7G3/1, Dako) Pap-stained smears gave identical positive rate as that obtained by cell block, but air-dried slides were unreliable. 

Goel et al.18 49 archival stained Pap smears De-stained Microwave AR Monoclonal antibodies to MIB-1 and PCNA Simple, reliable, and easily applicable. 

Goel MM, Mehrotra A, Singh U, et al. MIB-1 and PCNA immunostaining as a diagnostic adjunct to cervical Pap smear. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005 33 15-19. 

The ThinPrep Pap Test is a replacement for conventional method of Pap smear preparation for screening of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. 

In Marin I ran into situations time and again when someone I knew couldn t enter the hospital because there was new carpet, or couldn t get a pap smear or a breast exam, or couldn t take kids to the ER or to a clinic because of chemical barriers. I began working with some of the disability activists in Marin County and San Francisco and tried to learn what the laws were. In 1985 I started a newsletter, called The Reactor, about civil rights and access rights for people with chemical and electric magnetic field sensitivities. 

Sputum/gynecologic PAP smear Smear Ethanol with detergent... 

Wood, B. R., Quinn, M. Q. and McNaughton, D. (1997) Detection of potential confounding variables and cell types in Pap smears using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (P. Carmona, R. Navarro and A. Hemanz, eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 445-6. 

Figure 17. An example using the scan and count technique to count exfoliative cells in a Pap smear see text for description.

Case report form data are complete and can be verified with the source documents. Case report forms should be completed with a black ballpoint pen, and the print should be legible. Ensure that corrections, additions, or deletions are made, dated, and initialed by a member of the research staff authorized to initial CRF changes for the investigator. Laboratory parameters that have to be transcribed into the CRF must have each data point reviewed closely. Original reports (e.g., electrocardiogram, X-ray, Pap smears) should have copies made and inserted into the CRF. To maintain confidentiality, these reports need to have the subject s name blacked out, leaving only the initials visible. 

Z. Ge et al., Screening PAP Smears with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Appl. Spectr. 49(4), 1324 (1995). 

Good network of public and private sector clinics able to take Pap smears. 

The cervical cancer screening program in El Salvador needed to contract with a laboratory to provide cytology results, but none of the laboratories tested passed the voucher agency s proficiency test. The lack of a provider encouraged a few professionals who were skilled at reading Pap smears to form a laboratory, which was subsequently contracted by the voucher agency. 

Medical records, Pap smears, and laboratory results are sent to the voucher agency in the capital by planes, buses, a courier service, and some of the clinics own vehicles. The cost is shared by service providers and the voucher agency (on behalf of the subsidy provider). 

The Pap smear is the most cost-effective and frequently used diagnostic test for HPV. It can detect abnormal cytology in patients... 

The diagnostic work-up for suspected ovarian cancer includes a careful physical examination including a thorough breast examination, a Pap smear, and a rectovaginal examination. A detailed family history should be taken, especially noting the rate and pattern of relatives with malignancies. 

---