PAMAM dendrimers biocompatibility

Biocompatible nanosized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer films provided a suitable microenvironment for heme proteins to transfer electron directly with underlying pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The Mb-PAMAM film can catalytically reduced oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite, indicating that the potential applicability of the film can be used to fabricate a new type of biosensor or bioreactor based on the direct electron transfer of Mb [234],... 

In the hope of obtaining biocompatible dendrimers suitable for medical use in the prevention of infection, PAMAM dendrimers [33], polyether amide den-... 

Luo, D. Haverstick, K. Belcheva, N. Han, E. Saltzman, W.M. Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer for biocompatible, high-efficiency DNA delivery. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 3456-3462. 

Kono et al. reported improvement of water-solubility of fullerene, C o by using PAMAM dendrimer modified with both poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and (3-cyclodextrin (CD) [28]. The authors believed that the presence of CD at the periphery of dendrimer can increase the formation of complex with fullerene, while PEG moiety can promote water-solubility and biocompatibility. The selection of p-cyclodextrin was based on its low affinity for interaction with PEG. The synthetic procedure for preparation of PEG/CD-modified dendrimer and encapsulation of fullerene is depicted in Fig. 6.9. 

X. Li, Y. Haba, K. Ochi, E. Yuba, A. Harada, and K. Kono, PAMAM dendrimers with an oxyethylene unit-enriched surface as biocompatible temperature-sensitive dendrimers, Bioconjug Chem, 24 (2), 282-90, 2013. 

Photothermal ablation therapy with metal nanoparticles is further enhanced with these particles being encapsulated inside dendrimers that improve biocompatibility and retention and facihtate surface modifications. For example, gold nanoparticles have been entrapped in G5 PAMAM dendrimers with fohc acid on the surface for targeting malignant tumors (Shi et al. 2007). 

Roberts, J.C. Bhalgat, M.K. Zera, R.T. Preliminary biological evaluation of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) star-burst dendrimers. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1996, 30, 53-65. Malik, N. Wiwattanapatapee, R. Klopsch, R. Lorenz, K. Frey, H. Weener, J.W. Meijer, E.W. Paulus, W. Duncan, R. Dendrimers relationship between structure and biocompatibility in vitro, and preliminary studies on the biodistribution of l-Labeled polyamidoamine dendrimers in vivo. J. Control. Release 2000, 65, 133-148. 

Dendrimers such as poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly(propylenimine) (PPI) have also been studied for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo due to their high transfection efficiency. However, the toxicity of the dendrimers is of major concern for their medical use. Generally, in vivo toxicity of dendrimers is related to various factors, including their chemical structure, surface charge, generation and the dose of dendrimer used. Surface modification with PEG or replacement with low generation dendrimers have been reported to be able to improve the biocompatibility of these biomaterials. ... 

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