Pad applications

Only empirical tests have so far been carried out, however [76]. In a detailed but small-scale study, various options were examined for the sequence (i) oxidative treatment (ii) protease treatment (iii) application of softener, including exhaust or pad application [133]. 

A typical liquor formulation for pad application in a continuous or semi-continuous system is given in Table 10.28. Batching for 24-48 hours is followed by backwashing, although the use of radio-frequency heating to give a batch temperature of 50-60 °C can reduce the treatment time to 2-4 hours. 

Steps in conventional continuous pad-thermosol dyeing, e.g., for polyester fabrics, are (a) pad application of dyes and auxiliaries (b) infrared predrying to about 30% moisture ... 

The volumetric add-on of foam can also be used to control the dry pick-up on the fabric when the application method Is knife coating, But for horizontal pad application, dry pickup Is best controlled by the blow ratio,... 

In practice, however, it is more common to maintain a constant level in a wet on dry pad application with a float valve controlling the liquid level. 

T ypically, pad applications of chemical finishes yield wet pickups in the 70-100 ... 

This same fabric is to be treated with 5 % owf of the same chemical finish in a wet on wet pad application with entry wet pickup of 75 %, exit wet pickup of 90 % and interchange factor of 0.7. What are the effective wet pickup and the necessary pad concentration ... 

CARBOWHITE CEF is an optical brightener which produces excellent v/hite effects with a neutral/blue cast on cellulosic fibers, nylon, and blends of these fibers, CARBOWHITE CEF is highly substantive and is specially recommended for exhaust application. It can be used in conjunction with a peroxide bleach bath. For pad application, Hoechst recommends their CARBOWHITE CEC. 

REZTHANE U-PF products are aqueous polyurethane finishes designed for pad application for a wide range of upgrading end uses. They all have excellent properties in resistance to degradation in washing and dry cleaning. 

A non-ionic duller with resin fixation for a more durable duller utilizing titanium dioxide. Suitable for padding applications. ... 

Pad applications are also used. The most common type of pad consists of a sheet of nylon pile fabric attached to a foam pad that is attached to a flat plastic plate with a handle. Pads hold more paint than a similar width brush and can apply paint up to twice as fast as a brush. 

S-207, S-208 (high gauge chopped steel fibers), C-502 (copper fibers), B-401 (brass fibers) -products for brake pad applications... 

The topper pad application for urethane receives strong competition from garneted cotton felt pads. The mattress industry continuously evaluates the relative cost and consumer acceptance of the two alternative padding materials. Utilization of flexible urethane foam and the relative share of the available topper pad volume appears to cycle with the competitive price pressures perceived to exist in the retail mattress market. When mattress prices weaken due to slack demand, mattress manufacturers appear willing to cut costs at the expense of consumer comfort and consequently shift a higher ratio of production to cotton felt. 

Figure 5.1 U-trough (a) and nip (b) dye liquor pad application systems. Source Benninger S-RoU Padders.

Initial investigations show that all the methods have been successful in applying the biocides to the fabric and results of the wasb-fostness tests are pending. Tlie exhaust method is achieving lower levels of triclosan than eiqiected and so further work will focus on padding applications. 

F. Bertocchi and M. Pad, Applications of High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Food Science , J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 9317. 

Uses Wetfastness improver for dyeings and prints with direct and reactive dyes for exhaust and pad applic. fixing agent for fiber reactive dyes on cellulosic fibers fixing agent for direct dyes... 

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