Packing suction

The net mass velocity of chlorine through a packed suction chiller is typically 200-250 tpd m . Pall rings are frequently used as packing, in beds 2.5-3 m high. This makes the packing requirement 0.01-0.015 m per tpd. Carbon steel is the main material of construction, but some of the internals are stainless steel or other material with better corrosion resistance. These internals include the demister pad and sometimes support rings and packing. 

Slurry or slip casting provides a relatively inexpensive way to fabricate unifonn-thickness, thin-wall, or large cross section shapes [4o, 44, 45, 46, 42 aiid 48]. For slip casting, a slurry is first poured into a porous mould. Capillary suction then draws the liquid from the slurry to fonn a higher solids content, close-packed, leather-hard cast on the inner surface of the mould. In a fixed time, a given wall thickness is fonned, after which the excess slurry is drained. 

Fig. 15. Ain-saturator systems used in the practice of water treatment by flotation (31). (a), Injection of air into suction line of recycle pump (b), packed...

Figure 10-48 is a direc t-acting pump, designed for use at pressures up to 0.690 MPa (100 Ibfiin"). In this figure, the piston consists of disks A and B, with packing rings C between them. A bronze liner for the water cyhnder is shown at D. Suction valves are Ei and Eo. Discharge valves are Fi and Fo. 

This entiy suction or suction potential is a measure of the resultant forces tending to draw water from the interior of the bed to the surface. For a pore formed by regularly packed nonporous spheres, the suction potential is given by... 

Column Operation To assure intimate contact between the counterflowing interstitial streams, the volume fraction of liquid in the foam should be kept below about 10 percent—and the lower the better. Also, rather uniform bubble sizes are desirable. The foam bubbles will thus pack together as blunted polyhedra rather than as spheres, and the suction in the capillaries (Plateau borders) so formed vidll promote good liqiiid distribution and contact. To allow for this desirable deviation from sphericity, S = 6.3/d in the equations for enriching, stripping, and combined column operation [Lemhch, Chem. E/ig., 75(27), 95 (1968) 76(6), 5 (1969)]. Diameter d still refers to the sphere. 

To 500 g. (3.85 moles) of freshly distilled ethyl acetoacetate in a i-l. flask set in ice and well cooled, are added 152 g. (2.0 moles) of 40 per cent aqueous formaldehyde solution and 20-25 drops of diethylamine. The flask and contents are kept cold for six hours and are then allowed to stand at room temperature for forty to forty-five hours. At the end of this time two layers are present, a lower oily layer and an upper aqueous layer. The layers are separated, and the aqueous layer is extracted with 50 cc. of ether. The ether solution is added to the oily layer, and the resulting solution is dried over 30 g. of calcium chloride. The ether is then removed by distillation on a steam bath. The residue, amounting to approximately 500 g., is diluted with an equal volume of alcohol and is thoroughly cooled in an ice bath. Ammonia is then passed into the mixture until the solution is saturated. This requires from four to eight hours, and during this time the flask is kept packed in ice. The ammoniacal alcoholic solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for forty to forty-five hours. Most of the alcohol is now evaporated the residue is cooled, and the solid i,4-dihydro-3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethylpyridine is removed from the remaining alcohol on a suction filter. The dried ester melts at 175-180 and amounts to 4ro-435 g. (84-89 per cent of the theoretical amount). 

Valve stem packings on valves in the suction piping. 

Tighten all pump packing rings and all valve stem packings on suction piping. 

Packing corroded away (twice). Poor separation. Pieces of packing in pump suction. Wrong metallurgy specification error. 

Lubricated cylinders use a separate mechanical lubricator to force feed, in metered droplet form, a very precise amount of lubricant to specified points. This minimizes the amount of lubricant in the cylinder and allows a lubricant most compatible with the gas to be selected without compromising the frame lubrication system. Lubricant is fed to a point or points on the cylinder to service the piston rings and the packing when required. In a few cases, as in air compressors, the packing is lubricated from the crankcase. On some applications involving wet CO7 or H2S m the gas stream, special materials may be avoided if one of the lubrication points IS connected to the suction pulsation dampener. 

Low-level filling bowls Suction probes Closed handling systems Soluble packs... 

The bearings and gears are mounted externally to the gas chamber and are separated by stuffing box seals to prevent gas leakage along the shaft. The packing is usually vented to the suction, so that it is necessary to pack only against suction pressure. 

Double suction, 166, 167 Efficiency, 200 High speed, 169 Illustrations, 161, 164 Impellers, 164, 170 In parallel, 177, 178 In series, 176, 178 Liquid horsepower, 200 Materials of construction, 211 Mixed flow, 169 Multistage, 167 Operating curves, 180 Packing, shaft, 170... 

By employing a slightly modified funnel, the glass nail can be utilised, in conjunction with a drying tube packed with desiccant, for drying the product by suction this assembly is illustrated Fig. XII,... 

A 50-g homogenized plant sample is weighed into a centrifuge tube and blended at 7000 rpm with 100 mL of methanol-water (7 3, v/v) for 10 min. The resulting mixture is centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant is collected in a 200-mL volumetric flask with suction. In the case of strawberry and peach, the supernatant is filtered through a glass filter (17G-3) previously packed with 10 g of Celite 545. The residue is re-extracted with 50 mL of the same aqueous methanol in the same manner as described above, and the supernatant is collected in a 200-mL volumetric flask. The volumetric flask is filled to the mark with the same aqueous methanol. 

Exposure control Use engineering/technical means, e.g. Low-level filling bowls Suction probes Closed handling systems Soluble packs In-cab electronic sprayer controls Hydraulic boom-folding (These measures should be used in preference to protective clothing)... 

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