Ozone greenhouse warming

Methane is removed continually from the atmosphere by reaction with OH radicals (Section 8.3). In contrast, chlorofluorocarbons and related volatile compounds are inert under the conditions of the lower atmosphere (troposphere), so atmospheric concentrations of these refrigerants and solvents will tend to increase as long as releases continue. The chief concern over chlorofluorocarbons is that they are a major factor in destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer (Section 8.3). They have been banned under the Montreal Protocol of 1988, but it is important that whatever substitutes (inevitably greenhouse active) are introduced to replace them degrade relatively quickly in the troposphere to minimize any contribution they may be capable of making to greenhouse warming. 

Nitrous oxide is nontoxic—it used as the propellant in whipped-cream spray cans—and so might seem to be an unlikely pollutant. However, as noted earlier, it may contribute significantly to greenhouse warming. Furthermore, on diffusing to the stratosphere, N20 becomes involved in the ozone cycle (reactions 8.2, 8.3, and 8.6) following its conversion to nitric oxide (NO) ... 

The practical applicability on an industrial scale of this rather exotic two-phase system remains to be demonstrated. Doing so will require a clarification of such basic issues as activity, cost, catalyst lifetimes (and thus catalyst life and economic feasibility), toxicity, concerns regarding the ozone depletion potential (ODP) and greenhouse warming potential (GWP) values of the corresponding fluorinated compounds, etc. There is also the possibility of competitive extraction of fluorinated hydrocarbons by the aldehyde phase in the 0X0 reaction (leading to potential problems in subsequent hydrogenation to the plasticizer... 

Aerosols Cloud Physics Environmental Radioactivity Greenhouse Effect and Cumate Data Greenhouse Warming Research Imaging Through the Atmosphere Ozone Measurement and Trends (Troposphere) Radiation Sources Solar Thermal Power Stations... 

Aerosols Carbon Cycle Cloud Physics Environmental Geochemistry Greenhouse Warming Research Meteorology, Dynamic (Troposphere) Nitrogen Cycle, Atmospheric Ozone Measurements AND Trends (Troposphere) Radiation, Atmospheric... 

Ozone depletion potential (ODP) Greenhouse warming potential 1.0 0.0... 

In addition to ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect is important. Greenhouse warming potential (GWP) of a compound depends primarily on its reactivity towards hydroxyl free radicals, which in turn determines their concentration in the stratosphere. A second factor is their absorption capacity for infra-red radiation, primarily determined by bonds between carbon and... 

Fenner (11) has pointed out that short-lifetime constituents of the atmosphere such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and nonmethane hydrocarbons may also play roles related to global warming because of their chemical relations to the longer-lived greenhouse gases. Also, SO, with a very short life interacts with ozone and other constituents to be converted to particulate sulfate, which has effects on cloud droplet formation. 

Ozone forms a layer around the Earth that insulates against thermal radiation. This layer is being destroyed by pollutants (principally fluorocarbons). The effect of the depletion of the ozone layer is to warm the Earth (and hence exacerbate the greenhouse effect) and may also lead to an increase in the incidence of skin cancers. 

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