Oxygen with white phosphorus

Reacting oxygen with white phosphorus can form either P4O5 or P4O10. State the conditions that determine which product forms. 

The Si=Si jr-bond is cleaved in practically all reactions of disilenes while the cr-bond remains intact. Even the action of the very reactive oxygen on the Si=Si bond initially results in the formation of the 3,4-disiladioxetanes 119 which, however, rapidly rearrange to give the cyclodisiloxanes 121. The reactions of the disilenes 9, 10 and 14 [R = Mes, 2, 6-Me2C6H3, 4-f-Bu-2,6-Me2CgH2 (Dmt)] with white phosphorus follow a different course and proceed with cleavage of both Si=Si bonds to furnish the bicyclo[1.1.0]butane derivatives 127-129 (equation 30)126 127. 

A recent patent claims that primary and secondary polyhydroxy phosphates are produced by admixing oxygen in at least the stiochiometric amount with white phosphorus and a polyhydroxy reactant such as a diol in the presence of a metal or metal oxide catalyst such as CuO, Al, Cu, Sc etc. The polyhydroxy... 

Oxygen can be removed from air by reaction with white phosphorus. Write an equation for this process. 

White phosphorus is very reactive. It has an appreciable vapour pressure at room temperature and inflames in dry air at about 320 K or at even lower temperatures if finely divided. In air at room temperature it emits a faint green light called phosphorescence the reaction occurring is a complex oxidation process, but this happens only at certain partial pressures of oxygen. It is necessary, therefore, to store white phosphorus under water, unlike the less reactive red and black allotropes which do not react with air at room temperature. Both red and black phosphorus burn to form oxides when heated in air, the red form igniting at temperatures exceeding 600 K,... 

J.10 (a) White phosphorus, which has the formula P4, burns in air to form compound A, in which the mass percentage of phosphorus is 43.64%, with the remainder oxygen. The mass spectrum of A yields a molar mass of 283.9 g-mol. Write the molecular formula of compound A. (b) Compound A reacts with water to form compound B, which turns litmus red and has a mass percentage composition of 3.087% 11 and 31.60%... 

Japanese workers have prepared diethyl phosphite in 43% yield from the reaction of white phosphorus with ethanol and oxygen. 

Black phosphorus may be either amorphous or crystalline. It exhibits quite low reactivity, both with oxygen and other reagents, compared to white or red phosphorus, and is stable in air. Because it has a puckered shape, the phosphorus remains tricoordinated in black phosphorus and crystallizes in sheets in a way similar to the behavior of graphite. Black phosphorus is generated from white phosphorus either by heating under pressure or in the presence of mercury. It is of relatively little value for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds. 

Walling and coworkers (among others) have investigated the reaction of white phosphorus with alkenes in the presence of molecular oxygen.47 48 The reaction is noted to proceed "quantitatively" to a polymeric species, referred to as a "phosphorate," in which the unit P204 has been added to the alkene (Figure 2.14). Some evidence is... 

What the alchemist had isolated from his urine was white phosphorus, one of two common forms, allotropes, of the element. White phosphorus is a waxy solid that is very poisonous and very reactive. As our alchemist observed, when it is exposed to air, a sonrce of oxygen, it bursts into flames. White phosphorus is usually stored under water, protecting it from contact with atmospheric oxygen. 

Potassium dihydrogenphosphide dissolved in dimethylformamide, is probably dissociated into ions. This is confirmed by the equivalent conductance, the value of 77.0 f2 cm mol was found for a 8 10 mol/cm solution. The PH2 ion is a strong nucleophilic reagent. The study of its chemical behaviour towards oxygen, sulphur and white phosphorus has produced, to date, no conclusive results. The reaction with the latter element results in the formation of an amorphous red-brown substance of composition KPsH2 which is soluble in dimethylformamide. ... 

Compare the reaction of white phosphorus and the reaction of sulfur in the Reactions with Oxygen movie eChapter 14.8). Which of these two reactions do you think has the higher activation energy For each reaction, sketch an energy profile similar to the one in Figure 12.14 (page 500). 

Because of its high reactivity with oxygen in air, white phosphorus is generally stored under water. White phosphorus does not occur naturally. Industries produce it from naturally occurring phosphate rocks. 

White phosphorus enters the environment when industries make it or use it to make other chemicals and when the military uses it as ammunition. It also enters the environment from spills during storage and transport. Because of the discharge of waste water, white phosphorus is likely to be found in the water and bottom deposits of rivers and lakes near facilities that make or use it. It may also be found at sites where the military uses phosphorus-containing ammunition during training exercises. Rainwater washout of these sites may contaminate nearby waterways and their bottom deposits. Hazardous waste sites that contain white phosphorus are also potential sources of exposure to people. However, because white phosphorus reacts very quickly with oxygen in the air, it may not be found far away from sources of contamination. 

The fate of white phosphorus smoke is similar to the fate of reaction products of white phosphorus vapor in air. White phosphorus vapor in air reacts with oxygen and is changed to relatively harmless chemicals within minutes. However, particles in the air may have a protective coating that makes them unreactive for a longer time. White phosphorus reacts mainly with oxygen in water and may stay in water for hours to days. However, chunks of white phosphorus coated with protective layers may stay in water and soil for years if oxygen levels in the water and soil are very low. 

In water with low oxygen, white phosphorus may react with water to form a compound called phosphine. Phosphine is a highly toxic gas and quickly moves from water to air. Phosphine in air is changed to less harmful chemicals in less than a day. In water, white phosphorus builds up slightly in the bodies of fish. The other chemicals in white phosphorus smoke are mainly changed to relatively harmless chemicals in water and soil. White phosphorus may stay in soil for a few days before it is changed to less harmful chemicals. However, in deeper soil and the... 

White phosphorus particles can bum on the surface of the skin or penetrate deep into the tissues when carried on shrapnel particles. Local destruction of tissues continues as long as white phosphorus is exposed to oxygen. White phosphorus smoke with a garlic odor is characteristic of white phosphorus burns (Eldad and Simon 1991). High mortality rates seen... 

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