Oxygen uptake and transport

G115 extract increases the oxygen uptake and transport In the organs... 

The issue of whether tunicate blood cells are involved in oxygen uptake and transport could, of course, be settled by experimentation. This challenge was met for tunicate specimens collected from both Atlantic " ] and Pacific ocean waters, " ] using an oxygen electrode to measure dissolved dioxygen concentrations. It was found that the oxygenbinding capacity of tunicate blood cells was indistinguishable from that of sea water. 

Reeves, P.C., and M.A. Celia. 1996. A functional relationships between capillary pressure, saturation, and interfacial area as revealed by a pore-scale network model. Water Resour. Res. 32 2345-2358. Rice, J.A. 1995. Mathematical statistics and data analysis. 2nd ed. Duxbury Press, Belmont, CA. Skopp, J. 1985. Oxygen uptake and transport in soils Analysis of the air-water interfacial area. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49 1327-1331. 

States" of mitochondria and spectrophoto-metric observation. Chance and Williams defined five states of tightly coupled mitochondria60 163 of these, states 3 and 4 are most often mentioned. If no oxidizable substrate or ADP is added the mitochondria have a very low rate of oxygen uptake and are in state 1. If oxidizable substrate and ADP are added rapid 02 uptake is observed, the rate depending upon the rate of flow of electrons through the electron transport chain. This is state 3. As respiration occurs the coupled phosphorylation converts ADP into ATP, exhausting the ADP. Respiration slows to a very low value and the mitochondria are in state 4. If the substrate is present in excess, addition of more ADP will return the mitochondria to state 3. 

Iron can be said to be the most chemically versatile of all the elements used by nature. It is essential for dioxygen uptake and transport in the vast majority of living systems, is ubiquitous in electron transfer relays and oxygen metabolism, is used widely as the catalytic center in enzymes catalyzing chemical changes as diverse as dinitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction, and isopenicillin-N-synthase, and is vital for DNA... 

In the initiation phase of acute renal failure, mitochondrial oxygen uptake is affected by ischemia. The resulting vasoconstriction in the kidney activates the renin-angiotensin system. The intracellular calcium level in the mitochondria increases. The administration of a calcium transport blocker such as Verapamil can reverse or prevent renal vasoconstriction and also restore the mitochondrial oxygen uptake and thus prevent cell necrosis and the development of the maintenance phase of acute renal failure. 

Carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide, a product of incomplete combustion that is present in automotive exhaust and cigarette smoke, binds to hemoglobin 200 times more tightly than does O2. This blocks the uptake and transport of oxygen by setting up a competing equilibrium... 

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