Oxygen storage and transport

Synthetic 02-carriers have been known for some forty years and have maintained considerable interest because of the role of such centers in some naturally occurring oxygen-storage and -transport systems (1-8). Much of the earlier work centered around a range of formally divalent Co complexes with N- and/or O-donor ligands (3, 9),... 

Streptomyces distallicus the structure elucidation and synthesis have also been made by them.165 A wide variety of porphyrins which are derivatives of porphin (125 R = H) occur in nature and exert three biological functions (a) oxygen storage and transport, as in hemoglobin, (b) cellular respiration as in the cytochromes, and (c) photosynthesis, as in the chlorophylls for detailed discussion of structures and synthesis of naturally occurring porphyrins, see references.166 Recent developments in the chemistry of polypyrrolic compounds have been reviewed.167 Several naturally occurring indole alkaloids have dimeric structures of type B,168 an example of which is c-toxiferine-I, a calabash curare alkaloid found in South American species of Strychnos.169... 

The iron heme protein myoglobin (Mb, MW 17000) is essential for oxygen storage and transport in mammalian... 

Iron is specifically important for storage and transport of oxygen... 

White phosphorus enters the environment when industries make it or use it to make other chemicals and when the military uses it as ammunition. It also enters the environment from spills during storage and transport. Because of the discharge of waste water, white phosphorus is likely to be found in the water and bottom deposits of rivers and lakes near facilities that make or use it. It may also be found at sites where the military uses phosphorus-containing ammunition during training exercises. Rainwater washout of these sites may contaminate nearby waterways and their bottom deposits. Hazardous waste sites that contain white phosphorus are also potential sources of exposure to people. However, because white phosphorus reacts very quickly with oxygen in the air, it may not be found far away from sources of contamination. 

The production of these two gases by electrolysis for storage and transport can only be commercially successful when the cheapest power is utilised, because there are established economical processes for making both oxygen and hydrogen. 

One of the major problems encountered in the storage and transport of anhydrous liquid ammonia is the stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) of carbon steel equipment. Cracks most often occur at the weld joints, where the leftover stress is at a maximum. The leftover stress is that which remains even after heat treatment. The hardness of the material and the presence of impurities and oxygenates in ammonia aggravate SCC88. 

---