Oxygen reduction reaction investigations

Zhu L, Susac D, Teo M, Wong KC, Wong PC, Parsons RR, Bizzotto D, Mitchell KAR, Campbell SA (2008) Investigation of CoSa-based thin films as model catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Catal 258 235-242... 

As with the phase diagrams and Pourbaix diagrams, the theoretical standard hydrogen electrode also allows us to calculate the relative energies of intermediates in electrochemical reactions. As an example, we investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We look at the four proton and electron transfer elementary steps ... 

Polyaniline (PANI) was investigated as electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in the acidic and neutral solutions. Galvanostatic discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry of catalytic electrodes based on polyaniline in oxygen-saturated electrolytes indicate that polyaniline catalyzes two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O2 and HO2". 

The electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured catalysts was investigated for electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen and oxidation of methanol. Several selected examples are discussed in this section. The results from electrochemical characterization of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are first described. This description is followed by discussion of the results from electrochemical characterization of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). 

Investigation of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on LaMn03 Microelectrodes... 

Prior to investigating the oxygen reduction reaction itself, the morphology and composition of the catalyst surface must be better understood under realistic conditions. In electrochemical cells, the electrolyte surrounding the electrodes is mainly water. Under certain potential conditions, water might dissociate and lead to oxygen or OH adsorption. At higher electrode potentials, water may even cause a surface- or bulk-oxide to be formed. We first... 

Gu and Balbuena also predict that most solutes dissolved in Pt reduce its stability towards dissolution. They investigated the role of oxygenated intermediates in the oxygen reduction reaction on the dissolution mechanisms of Pt surfaces. They found that the most favorable mechanism for dissolution is an electrochemical mechanism (as opposed to a purely chemical mechanism) that involves oxygenated metal surface atoms. Their investigation focused on single metal atoms or dimers, however, and used small clusters of water to include some solvation effects. They compared the relative stabilities of Ir, Pd, Rh, Ni and Co and found that Pt-Ir was the most stable. 

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the importance of which has to be underlined both firom a fundamental point of view and for its implication in electrochemical power sources and in the corrosion of metals [135], has been thoroughly investigated at modified electron conducting polymers. Both metallic particles and transition metal complexes were considered as suitable electrocatalysts for the ORR, and were dispersed in different electron conducting polymers (PPy, PAni, etc). 

Non platinum metal catalysts such as for example pyrolyzed complexes of cobalt or iron or other nitrogen doped carbon materials have also been investigated for the oxygen reduction reaction [51, 52], however have not found widespread use today. 

Keith JA, Jerskiewicz G, Jacob T (2010) Theoretical investigations of the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Phys Chem 11 2714—2731... 

Lin R, Zhang H, Zhao T, Cao C, Yang D, Ma J. Investigation of Au Pt/C electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochimica Acta 2012 62 263-8. 

The oxygen reduction reaction has received a large amount of attention recently, from both modeling and experimental investigations, due to its importance in the development of fuel cell systems [74,103,122-125]. The rate of corrosion reactions may be controlled by either the anodic or cathodic process, depending upon which of the two half-cell reactions is rate limiting. This combination is elaborated further in the following text. 

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