Oxygen Pancreas

Tamura, K., Manabe, T., Ohshio, G., Ando, K., Yotsumoto, F., Kyogoku, T., Imanishi, K. and Tobe, T. (1991a). Effect of oxygen free radicals on the rat pancreas in vivo. Gastroenterology 100, A844. 

Although quite reliable empirical rules exist for the enantioselectivity of hydrolases for secondary alcohols (see Section 4.2.1.2), such rules are not as developed for primary alcohols, partly because many hydrolases often show low enantioselectivity. With some exceptions, lipases from Pseudomonas sp. and porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) often display sufficient selectivity for practical use. The model described in Figure 4.3 has been developed for Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (reclassified as Burkholderia cepacia), and, provided that no oxygen is attached to the stereogenic center, it works well for this lipase in many cases [41]. However, as soon as primary alcohols are resolved by enzyme catalysis, independent proof of configuration for a previously unknown product is recommended. 

Type 2 diabetes, which results from the body s inability to respond properly to insulin still produced in the pancreas. On a cellular basis, this type of insulin tolerance or insulin resistance can be traced back to a lack of response of the membrane-bound insulin receptor and/or a decrease in receptor density. About 90% of the diabetes cases worldwide fall into this category, which most frequently occurs in elderly adults, but is being noticed increasingly in obese adolescents. Little is known about why insulin resistance occurs. One suggestion is that increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important trigger. ] The biochemical aspects of type 2 diabetes have been reviewed. ]... 

About ten years ago scientists studying muscle relaxation discovered that our bodies produce nitric oxide for use as a neurotransmitter. (A neurofransmitter is a small molecule that serves to facilitate cell-to-cell communications.) Since then, it has been detected in at least a dozen cell types in various parts of the body. Cells in the brain, the liver, the pancreas, the gastrointestinal tract, and the blood vessels can synthesize nitric oxide. This molecule also functions as a cellular toxin to kill harmful bacteria. And that s not all In 1996 it was reported that NO binds to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. No doubt it helps to regulate blood pressure. 

Biomedical materials include metals, ceramics, natural polymers (biopolymers), and synthetic polymers of simple or complex chemical and/or physical structure. This volume addresses, to a large measure, fundamental research on phenomena related to the use of synthetic polymers as blood-compatible biomaterials. Relevant research stems from major efforts to investigate clotting phenomena related to the response of blood in contact with polymeric surfaces, and to develop systems with nonthrombogenic behavior in short- and long-term applications. These systems can be used as implants or replacements, and they include artificial hearts, lung oxygenators, hemodialysis systems, artificial blood vessels, artificial pancreas, catheters, etc. 

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