Oxygen molecular, anion-radical

In the presence of trace amounts of iron, superoxide can then reduce Fe3+ to molecular oxygen and Fe2+. The sum of this reaction (equation 2) plus the Fenton reaction (equation 1) produces molecular oxygen plus hydroxyl radical, plus hydroxyl anion from superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of catalytic amounts of iron - the so-called Haber-Weiss reaction (equation 3) (Haber and Weiss, 1934). 

V. Massey, S. Strickland, S.G. Mayhew, L.G. Howell, P.C. Engel, R.G. Matthews, M. Schuman, and P.A. Sullivan, Production of superoxide anion radicals in the reaction of reduced flavins and flavopro-teins with molecular oxygen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 36, 891-897 (1969). 

A semiquinone can be readily oxidized to the parent compormd by molecular oxygen and can then re-enter the reductase-catalyzed reaction. The enzymatic reduction and autoxidation of quinones rmder aerobic conditions generates superoxide anion radicals, and this process is known as redox cycling (Figure 2). Flydroquinones are less prone to transfer electrons to oxygen, because the second-electron potential is often too high. 

When carried out in the presence of molecular oxygen, PET reactions between some donor-acceptor pairs yield oxygenated products. The radical anions of acceptors with appropriate reduction potentials reduce O2 to superoxide ion, O2, which then couples to the cations. In the PET reaction between trani-stUbene and... 

Kinins, neuropeptides, and histamine are also released at the site of tissue injury, as are complement components, cytokines, and other products of leukocytes and platelets. Stimulation of the neutrophil membranes produces oxygen-derived free radicals. Superoxide anion is formed by the reduction of molecular oxygen, which may stimulate the production of other reactive molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. The interaction of these substances with arachidonic acid results in the generation of chemotactic substances, thus perpetuating the inflammatory process. 

Nishikimi M (1975) Oxidation of ascorbic acid with superoxide anion generated by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 63 463-468 Niu QJ, Mendenhall GD (1992) Yields of singlet molecular oxygen from peroxyl radical termination. J Am Chem Soc 114 165-172... 

An example of free radical formation is molecular oxygen, which can accept electrons from a variety of sources to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the superoxide radical, the hydroxyl radical, and the nitric oxide radical. The superoxide anion radical is formed when one electron is taken up by one of the 2p orbitals of molecular oxygen. Certain drugs and other xenobiotics have the capacity to undergo so-called redox cycles, whereby they provide electrons to molecular oxygen and form super oxide. 

---