Oxygen marine sediment

BC was assumed to be stable on geological time scales, as charcoal particles of similar particle size were found at various depths of 65 X 10 -year-old marine sediments (Herring, 1985). Moreover, BC was found to resist various oxidation procedures, e.g., wet-chemical or thermal treatment (Kuhlbusch, 1995). Flowever, recent carboji and oxygen isotopic studies suggest that BC degrades in soils and well-oxygenated marine sediments takes less than a cen-... 

Coleman, A. S. and Holland, H. D. (in press, January 2000). The global diagenetic flux of phosphorus from marine sediments to the oceans redox sensitivity and the control of atmospheric oxygen levels. In "Marine Authigenesis from Microbial to Global" (C. R. Glenn, L. Prevot-Lucas and J. Lucas, eds), SEPM Publication No. 66. 

Ingall, E. D. and Jahnke, R. A. (1994). Evidence for enhanced phosphorus regeneration from marine sediments overlain by oxygen depleted waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2571-2575. 

Surfactants such as LAS and NPEO have been found in compartments with low oxygen content, such as anaerobic sludge digesters or anaerobic continental and marine sediments [14,15,18-25]. One of the possible causes of this persistence is the inhibition of the anaerobic digestion [17,26,27]. Battersby and Wilson [27] observed inhibitory effects of NP at 50 mg CL-1 on methane formation in a survey of the anaerobic biodegradation potential of organic chemicals in digesting... 

Gelinas, Y., J.A. Baldock, and J.I. Hedges. 2001a. Organic carbon composition of marine sediments Effect of oxygen exposure on oil generation potential. Science 294 (5540) 145-148. 

Brandes JA, Devol AH (1997) Isotopic fractionation of oxygen and nitrogen in coastal marine sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 1793-1801... 

Hydrocarbons are obtained primarily from coal and petroleum, both formed when plant and animal matter decays in the absence of oxygen. Most of the coal and petroleum that exist today were formed between 280 and 395 million years ago. At that time, Earth was covered with extensive swamps that, because they were close to sea level, periodically became submerged. The organic matter of the swamps was buried beneath layers of marine sediments and was eventually transformed to either coal or petroleum. 

The lability of organic S to oxidation and recycling is not understood. Short-chain thiols appear to be dynamically cycled in marine and saltmarsh sediments (120, 211). In contrast, sulfones may represent a stable oxidized product that could provide a useful signature of sediment oxygenation (121, 184). Sulfones have been identified in saltmarsh and ancient marine sediments (32, 207). Other (unidentified) forms of organic S appear to yield acidity and sulfate upon oxidation (38, 192). Much more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of organic S fonnation and the relationships between specific organic S compounds and lake conditions. 

Sorenson, J., 1984. Seasonal variation and control of oxygen, nitrate and sulfate respiration in coastal marine sediments. In M.3. Klug and C.A. Reddy (eds), Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 447-453. 

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