Oxygen in sodium

Reference electrodes of Pt-air and In-In203 are useful to measure oxygen in sodium at 700-1100 K. Problems in the stability of the electrolyte tubes require the use of Th02 and 203 . 

Na20 That is why two atoms of sodium combine with one atom of oxygen in sodium oxide (Na20). 

Chum HL, Ratcliff M, Schroeder HA, Sopher DW (1984)Electrochemistry of biomass-derived materials. I. Characterization, fractionation, and reductive electrolysis of ethanol-extracted explosively depressurized aspen lignin. J Wood Chem Technol 4 505-532 Crozier TE, Johnson DC, Thompson NS (1979) Changes in a southern pine dioxane lignin on oxidation with oxygen in sodium carbonate media. Tappi 62 107-111 Ekman K, Enkvist T (1955) Some determinations of weak and strong acids in various lignin preparations and pulps. Pap Puu 37 369-382... 

Crozier TE, Johnson DC, Thompson NS (1979) Changes in a southern pine dioxane lignin on oxidation with oxygen in sodium carbonate media. Tappi 62 107-111... 

The concentration of oxygen-bearing components in sodium is normally expressed as weight per cent oxygen. The concentration of oxygen in sodium resulting from water leakage can be expressed by... 

The heat of solution corresponding to Eq. (2) is AH o, = 46.8 kJ mol . Equation (2) is the result of the data selection from twelve data sets, including data obtained by the improvoi distillation tw hnique to determine oxygen in sodium. The agreement of Eq. (2) with the older one and even with the results of measurements with electrochemical oxygen meters and with the vanadium wire equilibration method is satisfying. 

Analytical methods applied to estimate oxygen in alkali metals are the fast neutron activation for lithium oxide in lithium, vacuum distillation of excess alkali metal and analysis of the residue by atomic absorption spectrometry to estimate oxygen in sodium, as well as in the heavier alkali metals. Equilibration of oxygen between getters such as vanadium, liquid alkali metals and solid electrolyte oxygen meters, can be applied in several alkali metals. They measure oxygen activities directly in alkali metal circuits or closed containers. 

Chuang et al. (52) found similar results for their Ames wet oxidation process For desulfurization of pyrite with dissolved oxygen in sodium carbonate solutions between 120-180°C they observed that the conversion achieved in a given time increased as the particle size was reduced or as either temperature or oxygen partial pressure was raised. 

FIG. 4—Corrosion rate versus oxygen in sodium (type 316 stainless steel) [69] (copyright 1980 by the American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL). 

While metering devices for on-line monitoring of oxygen in sodium and for hydrogen in both sodium and lithium have been successfully developed [63], only small-scale experiments have been attempted for direct measurement of nitrogen in lithium. The method is based on resistivity measurements in which it is assumed that total resistivity... 

Klueh, R. L., "The Effect of Oxygen in Sodium on the Compatibility of Sodium and Niobium, Proceedings of the International Conference on Sodium Technology and Large Fast Reactor Design, ANL 7520, Part 1, 7-9 November 1968, pp. 171-176. 

If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1,7, the electrons are not shared at all. For example, consider the bond between sodium and oxygen in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ... 

H. J. deBruin, Determination of Traces of Oxygen in Sodium Metal by Infrared Spectrophotometry, Anal. Chem. 32, 360, 1960. 

R.L. Klueh, The Effect of Oxygen in Sodium on the Compatibility of Sodium in Niobium,... 

These installations, especially designed to determine carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in sodium from reactors or experimental loops, can also be used to analyze other very reactive metals by photonuclear activation (e.g. Li, K, Cs, etc), sampled directly in the circuits. 

Under certain conditions, oxygen in sodium can be determined instrumen-tally, without the need for a chemical separation (250). Therefore it is mandatory that the samples are extremely pure, especially with respect to their phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine and potassium content. Secondly,... 

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