Oxygen Containing Polymers

PMMA - Red Phosphorus System. The initial reaction that was investigated was that between PMMA and red phosphorus (4-51. Phosphorus was chosen since this material is known to function as a flame retardant for oxygen-containing polymers (1 2). Two previous investigations of the reaction of PMMA with red phosphorus have been carried out and the results are conflicting. Raley has reported that the addition of organic halides and red phosphorus to PMMA caused moderate to severe deterioration in flammability characteristics. Other authors have reported that the addition of chlorine and phosphorus compounds are effective flame retardant additives (12). 

The red allotropic form of phosphorus is relatively nontoxic and, unlike white phosphorus, is not spontaneously flammable. Red phosphorus is, however, easily ignited. It is a polymeric form of phosphorus, thermally stable up to ca. 450°C. In its finally divided form, it has proved to be a powerful flame-retardant additive.18 Elemental red phosphorus is a highly efficient flame retardant, especially for oxygen-containing polymers such as polycarbonates and polyethylene terephthalate). Red phosphorus is particularly useful in glass-filled polyamide 6,6, where high processing temperature (about 280°C) excludes the use of most phosphorus compounds.19 In addition, coated red phosphorus is used to flame retard nylon electrical parts, mainly in Europe and Asia.20... 

In addition to the information obtained from the core line-shapes of the over layer atoms, there is much information to be derived from the lineshapes of substrate polymer atoms. For Cu, Ni and Cr deposited on polystyrene, there were no measurable changes in the C-ls core level except for a decrease in intensity caused by overlayer attenuation. However, the addition of these metal atoms to the surface of the oxygen containing polymers modified the lineshapes of the core levels of the surface carbon and oxygen atoms. 

DFG MAK 1 mg(Zr)/m3 SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Used as a cross-Unking agent for oxygen-containing polymers. See also ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS. 

In macroscale reduction of unsubstituted phenylarsonic acid at a mercury pool electrode, the final product is an oxygen-containing polymer, which contains As—As as well as As—O—As bonds . Precipitation of PhAsH2 was also observed during the electrolysis , and it was suggested that products were formed by the following reactions ... 

While oxygen-containing polymers have received more attention other heteroatom-containing polymers have also been studied. In addition to homopolymers, copolymers containing more than one monomer has also received attention. Further, modifications of homopolymers by plasticizers, or crosslinking, or grafting to improve the properties of the polymers towards polymer-salt complex formation or increasing the dimensional stability of the materials has also been a focus of research. 

Figure 3. The percent of total oxygen bonded to silver as a function of silver coverage for several oxygen-containing polymers and oxygen-plasma-roocfified PS.

As a main conclusion of this work, a summary of the influence of the vinyl groups on the electronic properties of the parent polymers is presented in Fig. 6. The same trends are observed, when changing the heteroatom, for the ionization potential and the energy bandgap of polyheterocycles and poly (heteroaromatic vinylenes). A continuous decrease of IP and increase of Eg are obtained on going from sulfur to oxygen-containing polymers and from... 

Primary decomposition products of oxygen-containing polymers (such as polyformaldehyde and methacrylates) consist mainly of monomers or side-chain fragments (as in the case of vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers) while the secondary decomposition products are very rich in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide which are essentially responsible for the toxicity. 

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