Oxidative stress damage

Oxidative damage (stress) in vivo is often ascribed to the Fenton reaction. In 1876, Henry Fenton described a colored product obtained by mixing tartaric acid with hydrogen peroxide and a low concentration of a ferrous salt (Fenton 1876) and found that iron acts catalytically (Fenton 1894). Haber and Weiss (1932, 1934) proposed the involvement of free hydroxyl radicals in the iron(II)/hydrogen peroxide system (called Fenton chemistry) ... 

Biochemical Approach to Study Oxidative Damage in Plants Exposed to Allelochemical Stress A Case Study... 

Oxidative damage to membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of numerous lipid peroxidation products, some of which can be measured as index of oxidative stress, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and short carboxylic acids. 

General descriptors may be related to the metabolism responses in the biofilm. Biofilm algae have several mechanisms to counterbalance the damage caused by the toxicants. Environmental stress produces oxidative damage in the cells, which can be tracked down by means of the analysis of many enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, etc.) that function as effective quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 

Xiong DW, Fang T, Yu LP, Sima XF, Zhu WT (2011) Effects of nano-scale TiO(2), ZnO and their bulk counterparts on zebrafish acute toxicity, oxidative stress and oxidative damage. Sci Total Environ 409 1444—1452... 

The inabihty of the neurons to eliminate the oxidative load may result in a self-perpetuating cycle of oxidative damage that ultimately leads to neuronal death. One source of oxidative stress may be dopamine metabolism (Fig. 31.2). The excessive excitatory activity in the substantia nigra created by the loss of dopamine actions within the striatum could lead to excitotoxicity that is mediated by glutamate. 

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