Oxidation reactions of organic compounds

Oxidative reactions of organic compounds with molecular oxygen take place with high efficiency and selectivity in the presence of Werner-type metal complexes used as catalysts. The catalytic effects of metal complexes have received attention also as models for metalloenzymes, which are catalysts that possess special high efficiency and high selectivity for oxidative reactions in vivo. 

Already in this century, six chemists have received the Nobel Prize for seminal work in organometallic chemistry. Noyori, Knowles, and Sharpless became Nobel Laureates in 2001 as a result of their work on the use of organometallic complexes to catalyze asymmetric hydrogenation and oxidation reactions of organic compounds. More details of this work will appear in Chapter 12. Just four years later, Chauvin, Grubbs, and Schrock were honored... 

The most extreme oxidation reactions of organic compounds occur when they hum in O2. Such combustion reactions (Section 6-8) are highly exothermic. When the combustion takes place in excess O2, the products are CO2 and H2O. Examples of alkane combustions are... 

Oxidation reactions of organic compounds, with the goal of introducing functional groups, is still one of the biggest challenges in organic reactions. 

The process combines water-splitting and oxidation reactions of organic compounds in order to produce hydrogen. The addition of organics increases the hydrogen evolution rate dramatically compared to the pure... 

Bagotzky, V. S. and Vasilyev, Yu. B. 1964. Some characteristics of oxidation reactions of organic compounds of platinum electrodes. M trochmL cta, 9, 869—882. 

The oxidation reactions of organic compounds are numerous and varied, include homogeneous and heterogeneous processes as well as biological and industrial ones and involve a variety of mechanismsT ... 

Dioxygen (O2) adducts of metal complexes have been extensively investigated with vibrational spectroscopy because of their importance as models for oxygen carriers in biological systems and as catalytic intermediates in oxidation reactions of organic compounds. 

If the electrochemistry of organic compounds as a whole is a rapidly developing field of modem electrochemistry, the electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds at metals of the platinum group is a section in which a particularly large amount of experimental material has been accumulated in recent years. This is due piimaiily to attempts to utilize oxidation reactions of organic compounds for direct conversion of chemical into electrical enei. ... 

The role of the pH of the medium in the electrode reactions of organic compounds in aqueous solutions is well understood and has been recently reviewed in detail (Zuman, 1969). In particular, our understanding of this parameter is due to the large number of polarographic investigations where it has been found that the half-wave potential, the limiting current and the shape of the wave for an oxidation or reduction process may all be dependent on the acidity of the medium. 

Hayano, T. Hino, S., and Kajie, S., Protein participating in oxidation reaction of organic sulfur compound and gene coding for the same Patent No. JP2000093180. 2000, April 04. 

In addition to the bimolecular reactions of organic compounds with dioxygen, free radicals are generated in an oxidized substrate in the liquid phase by the trimolecular reaction [3,8,9]... 

Oxidative chain reactions of organic compounds are current targets of theoretical and experimental study. The kinetic theory of collisions has influenced research on liquid-phase oxidation. This has led to determining rate constants for chain initiation, branching, extension, and rupture and to establishing the influence of solvent, vessel wall, and other factors in the mechanism of individual reactions. Research on liquid-phase oxidation has led to studies on free radical mechanisms and the role of peroxides in their formation. 

Since most of the reactions discussed in the following chapters take place in aqueous media, we confine our thermodynamic considerations to reactions occurring in dilute aqueous solutions. For the gas-phase reactions of organic compounds with highly reactive oxidants (i.e., reactions in the atmosphere Chapter 16), we will assume that these reactions are always energetically favorable and, thus, proceed spontaneously. 

The electron transfers in the oxidation-reduction reactions of organic compounds are not fundamentally different from those of inorganic species. In Chapter 7 we considered the oxidation of a reducing sugar (an aldehyde or ketone) by cupric ion (see Fig. 7-10a) ... 

All the work described in this section thus has a common theme inasmuch as it deals with the influence of various environmental factors on the activity of homogeneous oxidation catalysts. In particular, the results shed valuable light on the ways in which temperature, the structure of the organic substrate, the concentration and the form of the catalyst, and reaction time may all affect the nature and kinetics of the various competing stages involved in the reaction of organic compounds with molecular oxygen. 

The activation of the organic compounds can involve direct oxidation by UV, the formation of organic radicals, or other reactive intermediates. The oxidation mechanism of organic compound M in this system includes the reaction of M with HO and H02 /02 as follows ... 

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