Oxidant-starved oxidation

Oxidation of Coal and Coal Macerals. Extraction residues were oxidized as outlined in the experimental section. Two oxidation procedures were adopted - i). excess oxidant oxidation and ii). oxidant starved oxidation (partial oxidation). 

Table III. Sulfur contents of the reaction products from the oxidant starved oxidation of Herrin No.6 floated coal...

Combustion is the rapid exothermic oxidation of combustible elements in fuel. Incineration is complete combustion. Classical pyrolysis is the destructive distillation, reduction, or thermal cracking and condensation of organic matter under heat and/or pressure in the absence of oxygen. Partial pyrolysis, or starved-air combustion, is incomplete combustion and occurs when insufficient oxygen is provided to satisfy the combustion requirements. The basic elements of each process are shown on Figure 27. Combustion of wastewater solids, a two-step process, involves drying followed by burning. 

Lactate, a product of glucose catabolism in oxygen-starved muscles, can be converted into pyruvate by oxidation. What coenzyme do you think is needed Write the equation in the normal biochemical format using a curved arrow. 

Mortensen PB. C6-C10-dicarboxyUc aciduria in starved, fat-fed and diabetic rats receiving decanoic acid or medium-cbain triacylglycerol. An in vivo measure of the rate of beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Biochim BiophysActa, 1981, 664(2), 349-355. 

For several hours after a meal, while the products of digestion are being absorbed, there is an abundant supply of metabolic fuels. Under these conditions, glucose is the major fuel for oxidation in most tissues this is observed as an increase in the respiratory quotient (the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed) from about 0.8 in the starved state to near 1 (Table 27-1). 

In 1942, Lynen found acetate oxidation in starved yeast required the addition of energy which could be provided from the oxidation of... 

One further degradation mode related to catalysis is a consequence of operating at low current densities typical of portable power application. Under these conditions, overoxidation of the Pt cathode catalyst occurs, reducing cathode and overall MEA performance. Zelenay has shown that starving the cathode of air flow lowers the cathode potential to low values, causing reduction of Pt oxides and restoring cathode activity. ... 

In this present work we show, by starving the reaction for oxygen in the gas phase, that PbO catalyst then provides oxygen. It is reduced to Pb and the catalyst deactivates. The Pb is reactivated to catalytic PbO by oxidation, thereby demonstrating the redox cycle. 

In any liquid-phase oxidation conducted with a gaseous oxidant, the mass transfer of the oxidant (usually oxygen) from the vapor to the liquid phase is an important consideration, and has been reviewed elsewhere [13]. Except as noted, this discussion is restricted to mechanisms that are not oxygen-starved. ... 

---