Overturn

The DOT rules require that pressure cars have rehef valves designed to hmit pressure to 82.5 percent (with certain exceptions) of test pressure (110 percent of maximum operating pressure) when exposed to fire. Appendix A of AAR Specifications de s with the flow capacity of rehef devices. The formulas apply to cars in the upright position with the device discharging vapor. They may not protec-t the car adequately when it is overturned and the device is discharging hqnid. 

A number of current coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models predict that the overturning of the North Atlantic may decrease somewhat under a future warmer climate.While this is not a feature that coupled models deal with well, its direct impact on the ocean s sequestration of carbon would be to cause a significant decline in the carbon that is stored in the deep water. This is a positive feedback, as oceanic carbon uptake would decline. Flowever, the expansion of area populated by the productive cool water plankton, and the associated decline... 

In most solids, the sound speed is an increasing function of pressure, and it is that property that causes a compression wave to steepen into a shock. The situation is similar to a shallow water wave, whose velocity increases with depth. As the wave approaches shore, a small wavelet on the trailing, deeper part of the wave moves faster, and eventually overtakes similar disturbances on the front part of the wave. Eventually, the water wave becomes gravitationally unstable and overturns. 

For a shock wave in a solid, the analogous picture is shown schematically in Fig. 2.6(a). Consider a compression wave on which there are two small compressional disturbances, one ahead of the other. The first wavelet moves with respect to its surroundings at the local sound speed of Aj, which depends on the pressure at that point. Since the medium through which it is propagating is moving with respect to stationary coordinates at a particle velocity Uj, the actual speed of the disturbance in the laboratory reference frame is Aj - -Ui- Similarly, the second disturbance advances at fl2 + 2- Thus the second wavelet overtakes the first, since both sound speed and particle velocity increase with pressure. Just as a shallow water wave steepens, so does the shock. Unlike the surf, a shock wave is not subject to gravitational instabilities, so there is no way for it to overturn. 

In incompressible fluids, such as water, the vertical structure of temperature very simply reveals the stability of the fluid. When the lower layer is warmer and thus less dense than the upper layer, the fluid is unstable and convective currents will cause it to overturn. When the lower layer is cooler than the upper layer, the fluid is stable and vertical exchange is minimal. However, because air is compressible, the determination of stability is somewhat more complicated. The temperature and density of the atmosphere normally decrease with elevation density is also affected by moisture in the air. 

A railroad tank car has derailed and overturned, and some material is leaking out and apparently evaporating. The car is labeled "Toxic." In order to take appropriate emergency action, which meteorological factors would you consider and how would you assess them In addition to air pollutants, what meteorological factor has a profound effect on decreasing visibility, and what is the approximate threshold of its influence ... 

The driver must notify the police and consignor in the event of an emergency such as material loss, escape or unlawful removal if package has been opened or damaged, or if the vehicle has overturned, suffered serious damage, or is involved in a fire. 

V. I tv wakened. Some frarile obiects broken and unstable objects overturned. A little cracked plaster. 

On March 9,1972, an overturned tractor-semitrailer carrying liquid propane resulted in a propane release. The propane cloud was later ignited. The resulting fire killed two persons five others were injured. 

PROPANE TANK TRACTOR-SEMITRAILER OVERTURN ANO FIRE ON U S. 501 NEAR LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA ON MARCH 9, 1972... 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1973. Highway Accident Report—Propane Tractor-Semitrailer overturn and fire, U.S. Route 501, Lynchburg, Virginia, March 9, 1972. NTSB-HAR-73-3. 

Accidents can occur in many ways. Tliere may be a chemical spill, an explosion, or a runaway reaction in a nuclear plant. Tliere are often accidents in transport trucks overturning, trains derailing, or ships capsizing. Tliere are acts of God such as eartliquakes and storms. It is painfully clear that accidents are a fact of life. Tlie one common tlnead tlirougli all of tliese situations is tliat accidents are rarely expected and, unfortunately, they are frequently mismanaged. 

One of tlie most legendary disasters occurred in Cliicago in October 1871. Tlie "Great Cliicago Fire," as it is now known, is alleged to liave started in a bam owned by Patrick O Leary, when one of liis cows overturned a lantern. The O Leary house escaped unlianned, since it was upwind of tlie blaze, but tlie bam was destroyed as well as 2124 acres of Chicago real estate. 

Uberkippen, v.t. tip over, overturn, ttberkiste, /. outside box or case, uber-klotzen, v.t. (Calico) slop-pad. -kochen v.i. boil over, — v.t. overboil. 

Removoble Arm Rodiol Propeller Agitator,Giving Excellent Shearing Action and Rapid Overturning of the Liquor,Selfcleaning in Operation... 

Unit overturns or is destroyed Unit uplifts (0.9 filled)... 

Foundations must be designed to take the weight loads and overturning moments without transmitting vibration to other equipment and buildings. 

Overturned fold—when the hinge surface is depressed below the horizontal (see Figure 2-42). 

Letters of intent can be the cause of problems, and there are varying views as to their validity. These are sent in advance of contractual documents, being signed because either the documents are not fully prepared or a decision has not yet been confirmed. For example, in local government a bid may have been accepted by a committee but needs ratification by the full council, which can be up to six weeks later. It is rare for a council to overturn a decision made by a committee, but it does happen. In an attempt to expedite matters, it is common policy to... 

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