Outokumpu lead process

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Weenink, E M, de Puy, E R and Duyvesteyn, W P C, 1990. Computer modelling of mass and energy balances for the Outokumpu lead flash smelting process, in Proceedings Lead-Zinc 90, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) Symposium, Anaheim, pp 597-606. 

Outokumpu [Named after a hill in Finland, near Kuusjarvi] A flash-smelting process for sulfide ores, ft is an energy-efficient process (also called an autogenous process), using mainly the heat of combustion of the contained sulfur to sulfur dioxide, rather than ary external source of heat. Developed R Bryk and J. Ryselin at the Haijavalta works of Outokumpu Oy, Finland, in 1946. Used mainly for copper ores, but also for nickel, iron, and lead by 1988, 40 plants were using the process worldwide. 

Boliden s Kaldo process of, 14 742-743 Isasmelt process of, 14 743-745 Kivcet process of, 14 739-740 Outokumpu process of, 14 745 QSL process of, 14 740-742 Lead stabilizers, for PVC polymers, 25 671 Lead storage battery, 14 783. See also Lead-acid batteries Lead-calcium alloy batteries... 

The Outokumpu flash smelting process for lead is an extension of the successful flash smelting technology developed by Outokumpn for copper and nickel and applied to lead concentrates. It was developed and piloted at a 5 t/h treatment rate in the late 1980s bnt has not been commercially applied. 

The Outokumpu smelter operates in very much the same way as the Kiveet process. However, it consists of two separate furnaces, one for smelting and the other for electric slag cleaning. Between them is a short launder, through which directly reduced lead bullion and lead oxide slag flow continuously. The lead bullion can be separately tapped from the flash furnace, if required. 

For a clear description of the history and technology of the process, see Krogerus, The Outokumpu process Flash smelting of lead concentrates in ELDC Proceedings (1990). 

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