Other chloride-based melts

Zr02 solubilities in molten mixtures KCI-KPO3 at 800 C have been investigated. Zr eon-centration in pure KPO3 was 1.34 wt%, and in the equimolar mixture KCI-KPO3 concentration was 3.25 wt%. A reason for solubility inerease is in the depolymerization of PO whieh may be schematieally described by the following equation  

Deanhardt and Stem studied solubilities of NiO and Y2O3 in molten NaCl and Na2S04 at 1100 C. Y2O3 solubility product was (1.4-2.2)xl0 and (4.5-6.4)xl0 in the 

We have studied oxide solubilities in molten CsCl-KCl-NaCl at 600 and 700 C in order to estimate oxide solubility ehanges with temperature. Oxide solubilities were lower than those predicted by Shreder s equation but estimations of their thermal ehanges usually were in a good agreement with those calculated from Shreder s equation. Oxides solubilities (in molar fractions) in KCl-NaCl and CsCl-KCl-NaCI have been found to be elose at the same temperature. 

Some works are related to oxo-acidity studies in alkaline chloride melts with cations of high acidity MgO-BaClj-CaClj-NaCl, CaO-CaClj-KCl-NaCl, CeClj-KCl-NaCl ZnO-NaCl-ZnCl. Acidic cations have been found to affect acid-base interactions by fixing oxide ions. Oxide solubilities - were higher than those for alkaline chloride mixtures without acidic admixtures. The same conclusions came from studies on MgO solubility in CaCl2-CaO mixture, K IO at 1133 K. The oxide solubility products in Ca-based chlorides are increased by 4 orders of magnitude. 

Solubilities (as pP) of MgO (7,61 0,06), NiO (7,44 0,09), CoO (6,25 0,12), MnO (5,20 0,17), ZnO (4,97+0,07) and CdO (3,21 0,07) in molten euteetie SrClj-KCl-NaCl (0.22 0.42 0.36) at 700 C have been determined. The preeipitation of PbO from solutions containing Pb was not observed although these cations demonstrated appreeiable aeidie properties (pK=2,58 0,05). The oxide solubility produets in molar fraetions have been increased by 1.95 orders of the magnitude for all the oxides. 

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Heating a mixture of an ammonium salt with a nitrite salt causes a violent explosion on melting [1], owing to formation and decomposition of ammonium nitrite. Salts of other nitrogenous bases behave similarly. Mixtures of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite are used as commercial explosives [2], Accidental contact of traces of ammonium nitrate with sodium nitrite residues caused wooden decking on a truck to ignite [3],... 

Organically modified clays achieved a good dispersion in the NR matrix. Mt modified with octadecylamine ammonium chloride was melt blended with NR, a water suspension of a Cig based organoclay (the other substituents being three methyl groups) was slowly added to a NR latex. OC was also... 

The data concerning the oxidation state of niobium and the coordination properties of its species in molten halides are incomplete and often contradictory. There is no doubt about the existence of niobium(IV) and (V) species in molten niobium-containing alkali chloride-based mixtures. The only question concerns the stability of NbClg" complex ions under an inert atmosphere. The other disputed moment involves the value of the lowest niobium oxidation state stable in chloride melts. According to the different points of view niobium-containing melts held in contact with the metal can contain Nb ", Nb + or Nb" + ions [1]. 

This reaction is also used to characterise organic bases and to identify through a melting-point determination small amounts, particularly of the liquid bases, by converting them into their usually crystalline acyl derivatives. In order to cause the whole of the base to react—one mole is fixed by the hydrochloric acid liberated—alkali or carbonate is added when aqueous solutions or suspensions are used and dry potassium carbonate or pyridine when anhydrous solvents are employed. Since tertiary bases do not react with acid (acyl) chlorides, no further replaceable hydrogen atom being present, it is possible by the use of an acid chloride to determine also whether a base is, on the one hand, primary or secondary, or, on the other hand, tertiary. 

Other types of ISE with silver halides are based on homogeneous membranes [6, 383]. With silver chloride or bromide, a single crystal or membrane from a salt melt can be prepared, while silver iodide membranes are prepared from... 

Table VII gives the m.p. of other alumohalides and their mixed systems. For example, low-melting electrolytes based on AlCla MCl chloraluminates, where M is Li, Na, K, have been considered (87), and cells with A1 anode and various cathodes, both inorganic and organic, were tested. The sulfur cathode seems to be the most suitable, although complex chlorides, fluorides and sulfides show possibilities. An experimental Al/S cell is described in detail in (88). The reaction 2A1 + 3S = AI2S3 provides a TED of 1275 Wh/kg at 200°. It is viewed only as a primary battery, however at the present time (88).

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