Osteomyelitis evaluation

Bernard L, El-Hajj PB, Lotthe A, et al. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for the treatment of osteomyelitis Evaluation of efficacy, tolerance and cost. J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001 26 445 51. 

Evaluation Physical examination, complete blood count (CBC) with reticulocyte, urinalysis, chest x-ray, and cultures (blood, urine, and throat) lumbar puncture if toxic-looking or presenting with signs of meningitis needle aspirate in patients with findings suggestive of osteomyelitis... 

Evaluation Frequent physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte, and urinalysis based on symptomatology, the following may be needed needle aspiration to rule out osteomyelitis, abdominal studies (x-ray, computed tomography scan, etc), liver function tests, bilirubin, culture, and chest x-ray. 

Weinstein MP, Stratton CW, Hawley HB, et al. Multicenter collaborative evaluation of a standardized serum bactericidal test as a predictor of therapeutic efScacy in acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Am J Med 1987 83 218-222. 

The evaluation of a patient who potentially may have osteomyelitis has several unusual aspects. Radiographs of the involved area should be obtained however, bone changes characteristic of osteomyelitis... 

Galanakis N, Giamarellou H, Moussas T, Dounis E. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria Evaluation of treatment with newer quinolones after prolonged follow-up. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997 39 241-246. 

Cyr JE, Pearson DA, Manchanda R et al (1999) Characterization and radiolabelling chemistry of Tc-99m depreotide a somatostatin receptor binding tumor imaging agent. J Nucl Med 40(Suppl) 321 Dams ETM, Nijhof MW, Boerman OC et al (2000) Scintigraphic evaluation of experimental chronic osteomyelitis. J Nucl Med 41 896-902... 

Joosten, U., Joist, A., Frebel, T., Brandt, B., Diederichs, S., von Eiff, C. 2004. Evaluation of an in situ setting injectable calcium phosphate as a new carrier material for gentamicin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis studies in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 25(18), 4287-4295. 

A comprehensive evaluation of their toxicity showed that, in general, the polyanhydrides possess excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Their employment in load-bearing orthopedic applications, however, is restricted owing to inadequate mechanical properties. Polyanhydrides-based devices for bone repair are limited to drug-release systems, as in the ease of poly(sebaeie anhydride) (PSA) and poly-D,L-lactide (PLA), for the treatment of ehronie osteomyelitis and in the prophylaxis of bone infeetion." ... 

Due to significant susceptibility artifact created by surgical hardware, MRl is not the study of choice for postoperative evaluations, especially for the assessment of healing of treated fractures and complications such as osteomyelitis or recurrence of a skeletal tumor (Fayad et al. 2005). When hardware is present, postoperative review of patients can be effectively accomplished by 3D volume rendering... 

An increasing number of examinations are being performed for the evaluation of known or suspected musculoskeletal infection. Multislice CT with 2D and 3D reconstructions are useful tools for detecting infections and abscesses, determining which compartments are involved and for describing the extent of an infection. For this question it is necessary to apply intravenous contrast medium. Multislice CT is also used to evaluate cortical bone and associated soft-tissue masses in suspected osteomyelitis. The presence of sequester can be verified and the response to therapy monitored (Knollmann and COAKLEY 2006). 

Chao HC, Lin SJ, Huang YC et al (1999) Color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of osteomyelitis in children. J Ultrasound Med 18 729-734... 

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