Osmotic pressure Oxidation

Magnesium oxide is a typical acid scavenger for chlorinated mbbers. Compounds containing zinc oxide or magnesium oxide may tend to swell upon immersion in water. These inorganic salts have some water solubiHty and osmotic pressure causes the vulcanizates to imbibe water to equalize pressure (8,9). As such, vulcanizates tend to sweU more in fresh (distilled) water than in salt water. To minimize water sweU, insoluble salts such as lead oxides can be substituted. Because of the health concerns associated with lead, there is much mbber industry interest in other acid acceptors, such as synthetic... 

Osmotic pressure, 279, 288 Ostwald s dilution law, 370 Oxidation and reduction, 479... 

Osmotic Pressure pressure required to stop the movement of the solvent across a semipermeable membrane during osmosis Oxidation process that describes the loss of electrons... 

A quantitatively important pathway of cysteine catabolism in animals is oxidation to cysteine sulfinate (Fig. 24-25, reaction z),450 a two-step hydroxyl-ation requiring 02, NADPH or NADH, and Fe2+. Cysteine sulfinic acid can be further oxidized to cyste-ic acid (cysteine sulfonate),454 which can be decarbox-ylated to taurine. The latter is a component of bile salts (Fig. 22-16) and is one of the most abundant free amino acids in human tissues 455-457 Its concentration is high in excitable tissues, and it may be a neurotransmitter (Chapter 30). Taurine may have a special function in retinal photoreceptor cells. It is an essential dietary amino acid for cats, who may die of heart failure in its absence,458 and under some conditions for humans.459 In many marine invertebrates, teleosts, and amphibians taurine serves as a regulator of osmotic pressure, its concentration decreasing in fresh water and increasing in salt water. A similar role has been suggested for taurine in mammalian hearts. A chronically low concentration of Na+ leads to increased taurine.460 Taurine can be reduced to isethionic acid... 

Oral cavity, 125 Ordinate scale, 17 Ordinate value, 17 Organic composition of condensation nuclei, 240-241 Orr, C., 52, 172, 247 Osmotic coefficients, 243 Osmotic pressure, 134 Ottewill, R. H., 264 Oxidation process, 2, 331 Oxygen ... 

The affinity of variously oxidized cellulosic materials for certain basic dyes, notably methylene blue, has long been known. Kenyon and coworkers have recently shown that in the case of nitrogen dioxide oxycelluloses, the methylene blue absorption is a function of the carboxyl group content. Application of the reversible methylene blue method to the determination of carboxyl groups in purified cellulose has been made by Davidson and by Weber, who was able to show good agreement with the cation-exchange methods previously considered as well as with viscosity and osmotic pressure measurements. 

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