Orthopaedics

As a last example we turn to the world of medicine. Osteo-arthritis is an illness that affects many people as they get older. The disease affects the joints between different bones in the body and makes it hard - and painful - to move them. The problem is caused by small lumps of bone which grow on the rubbing surfaces of the joints and which prevent them sliding properly. The problem can only be cured by removing the bad joints and putting artificial joints in their place. The first recorded hip-joint replacement was done as far back as 1897 - when it must have been a pretty hazardous business - but the operation is now a routine piece of orthopaedic surgery. In fact 30,000 hip joints are replaced in the UK every year world-wide the number must approach half a million. [Pg.10]

Interest in the T1-6A1-4V alloy and Extra Low Interstitial (ELI) versions of this alloy for total joint prostheses spurted in the United States in the late 1970s. This alloy now finds wide application in orthopaedic surgery ... [Pg.469]

Several other polymers, non-metals and ceramics, are currently being implanted for applications outside orthopaedic surgery, typical examples... [Pg.469]

As the surgical techniques advance, the average age of the patient subjected to total joint replacement is decreasing and therefore the life expectancy of the implant is increasing. This obviously places more emphasis on the fatigue and corrosion resistant properties of the materials which are used in orthopaedic surgery. [Pg.480]

Laing, P. G., Compatibility of Biomaterials, Orthopaedic Clinics of North America, 4, 249-273 (1973)... [Pg.481]

Syrett, B. C. and Wing, S. S., Pitting Resistance of New and Conventional Orthopaedic Implant Materials —Effect of Metallurgical Condition , Corrosion, 34A, 138-145 (1978)... [Pg.482]

Cahoon, J. R., Bandyopadhya, R. and Tennese, L., The Concept of Protection Potential Applied to the Corrosion of Metallic Orthopaedic Implants , Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 9, 259-264 (15)75)... [Pg.482]

Cohen, J., Corrosion Testing of Orthopaedic Implants , Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 44A, 307-316 (1962)... [Pg.482]

Edwards, B. J., Louthan, M. R. and Sisson, R. D., Hydrogen Embrittlement of Zimaloy A Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Orthopaedic Implant Alloy , in Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials, Second Symposium, (Eds) A. C. Fraker and C. D. Griffin, 11-29 ASTM Publication STP 859, Philadelphia (1985)... [Pg.482]

Bechtol, C. O., Failure of Femoral Implant Components in Total Hip Replacement Operations , Orthopaedic Review, 4, 23-29 (1975)... [Pg.482]

Galante, J. and Rostoker, W., Corrosion Related Failures in Metallic Implants and Experimental Study , Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 86, 237-244 (1972)... [Pg.482]

Levine, D. L. and Staehle, R. W., Crevice Corrosion in Orthopaedic Implant Metals, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 11, 553 (1977)... [Pg.482]

The first two selective COX-2 inhibitors to be marketed and subjected to in depth clinical trials were celecoxib and rofecoxib. Both compounds are as effective as standard NSAIDs in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and for pain following orthopaedic or dental surgery. Gastrointestinal side effects were far fewer than with comparator diugs and in fact were no... [Pg.406]

In order to be successful as part of a medical device a polymer has to resist both biological rejection by the patient s body and degradation. The human body is an enviromnent which is simultaneously hostile and sensitive, so that materials for application in medicine must be carefully selected. The essential requirement is that these materials are biocompafible with the particular part of the body in which they are placed. The extent to which polymers fulfil this requirement of biocompafibility depends partly on the properties of the polymer and partly on the location in which they are expected to perform. For example the requirements for blood biocompafibility are stringent since blood coagulation may be triggered by a variety of materials. By contrast, the requirements for materials to be used in replacement joints in orthopaedic surgery are less severe and materials as diverse as poly (methyl methacrylate) and stainless steel can be used with minimal adverse reaction from the body. [Pg.146]

Biltz, R.M. and Pellegrino, E.D. 1977 The nature of bone carbonate. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 129 279-292. [Pg.111]

Boskey, A.L. 1981 Current concepts of the physiology and biochemistry of calcification. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 157 165-195. [Pg.111]

Simpson, D.R. 1972 Problems of the composition and structure of the bone minerals. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 86 260-286. [Pg.114]

Aldini NN, Fini M, Rocca M, Giavaresi G, Giardino R (2000) Int Orthopaedics 24 121 Cohen S,Bano C,VisscherKB,ChowM,AUcockHR,LangerRS (1992) US. US, 5,149,543, assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology and to The Pennsylvania Research Co... [Pg.250]

Peters, W. J., Jackson, R. W., Iwako, K. Smith, D. C. (1972). The biological response to zinc polyacrylate carboxylate. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 88, 228-33. [Pg.189]

Using tandem MS (DFS with EI/FPFD source), electron impact and collision activation mass spectra of a THF extract of an orthopaedic polymer bandage identified IV-isopropyl-A/ -phcnyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD, m/z 226) as a cause for contact dermatitis [232]. Fl-MS of the extract of surgeons gloves indicated thio-bis (t-butylcresol) (m/z 358 343, after CID). [Pg.403]

Friction wear and dissolution of orthopaedic implant systems were examined by PIXE, SR-XRF and XAS [300]. From XAFS analysis, it appeared that the chemical state of Fe had changed as a consequence of dissolution in the organic tissue. [Pg.643]

Hydroxyapatite Crystals / Prosthetic Coating. Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics, C. R. Wheeless, M.D., 1996. http //www.medmedia.com/o2/49.htm... [Pg.228]

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