Bioceramics orthopaedic applications

Webster, T. J., Siegel, R. W., and Bizios, R., An in vitro evaluation of nanophase alumina for orthopaedic/dental applications, in Bioceramics 11 11th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine (R. Z. LeGeros and J. P. LeGeros, Eds.), p. 273-276. World Scientific, New York, 1998. 

Cook, S.D. (1991) In vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite coatings for orthopaedic and dental applications, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Bioceramics in Medicine (ed. S.F. Hulbert), Moore-Langen, Terre Haute, IN. 

The most common application of alumina bioceramics is in the area of orthopaedics as component in hip and knee prostheses. The first clinical use of total hip prosthesis with an aliunina head and alumina socket was in 1971. The long term coefficient of the pair alumina/alumina and the wearing down index decrease with time and approaches the value of a normal healthy joint [18],... 

---