Orion, 413 Table

The value of cyanohydrins as synthetic intermediates lies in the new functional groups into which they can be converted. First, the secondary or tertiary hydroxyl group of the cyanohydrin may undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration to form an unsaturated nitrile. For example, acid-catalyzed dehydration of acetaldehyde cyanohydrin gives acrylonitrile, the monomer from which polyacrylonitrile (Orion, Table 29.1) is made. 

Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Acetate Effect on NH Volatility. Ammonia volatility measurements at various concentrations of so-dium hydroxide and sodium acetate at 80°C are given in Tables 23 and 24 respectively. Data on the effect of sodium hydroxide were measured using an ammonia probe from Orion Research Company. 

From an analysis such as described here, the relative abundances of interstellar molecules N(molecule)/N(H2) in various sources can be determined. Table 2 shows a representative list of abundances in two sources, TMC1 and Orion (OMC1). The relative abundance of a species with respect to H2 is more uncertain that the absolute column density because it is normally obtained by dividing the absolute column density by the 13CO value and then estimating the ratio of the 13CO to H2 column densities (Irvine et al. 1985). Thus, one should not assume better than one order of magnitude accuracy in the numbers shown in Table 2. Still, several trends can be discovered in this table ... 

Table 3. Molecules Detected in the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMCl) and the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC1)...

Table 2. recent measurements of the Orion nebula abundances (ppM units)... 

The chemistry in strongly heated regions changes appreciably (Walmsley, 1993). Table 17.4 shows the dramatic effect of heating in Orion. The strong reduction of HCO+ shows the likely proton transfer to H2O, forming H3O+. 

The electrodes used were purchased from ORION and they were as shown in TABLE I. 

The one step process for the fabrication of pure silica sliver from sodium silicate [1-3] is an adaptation oil the generic dry spinning process that has been practiced for over 50 years in the fabrication of polymer organic textile fibers. Acrylic polymers, unlike polyesters or nylons, are infusible and cannot be melt spun. They can be dry or wet spun from viscous solutions. The model for inorganic dry spinning processes is the dry spinning process by means of which acrylic fibers such as Orion, are spun using dimethyl formamide as the solvent (Table I). 

The utility of the PVC model electrode for calcium has been long since reflected in the reports of many other, diverse sensing systems similarly incorporating appropriate cocktails in PVC matrices (10). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the Orion 92-20-02 exchanger (11) revealed at least three compounds in addition to the expected calcium salt and mediator (Table 3.1). 

Despite much effort there is still no meaningful magnesium ISE. The current approach utilizes the divalent ISE (10,35-39). In principle, the magnesium may be found from the difference in samples assayed respectively with the divalent ISE and the calcium (only) ISE (10). However, serious errors can arise with ready-to-use cocktails, e.g. Orion 92-32-02 contains appreciable amounts of di-octylphenyl phosphonate (Table 3.1). Selectivity values for /c g,ca deviate considerably from unity, not only for PVC-Orion 92-32 electrodes, but also for PVC ISEs based on pure di-decylphosphate/decan-l-ol (39). 

After the successful fabrication of PVC-calcium ISEs, viable PVC nitrate sensors were similarly constructed with commercial nitrate cocktails (66). Their selectivity for some parameters is quite similar, despite their different compositions—a tris(substituted 2-phenanthroline)nickel(II) exchanger in the Orion 92-07-02 cocktail and tridodecylhexadecylammonium nitrate sensor in the Corning 477316 cocktail (Table 3.18). Their respective lifetimes were 3 and 11 weeks (66). 

The results are compared with the observations of the Orion Hot Core in Table II. Prom these results it can be concluded that the reactions... 

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is produced by the additional polymerization of acrylonitrile always, the second and the third monomers are used for the modihcation of dyeability and spinnability. They can then be spun into fibers by dry or wet spinning methods, such as how Orion with a distinctive dumbbell cross section is spun by dry process produced by DuPont, and Acrilan had circular cross section and is spun by the wet extrusion technique produced by Monsanto. PAN fiber can also get the crimp structure like wool by using the bicomponent spinning process in fiber preparation. Properties of PAN fibers are listed in Table 2.27. 

Table 13.1 Compounds identified in the Orion moleculeir cloud (Nebula)...

Although the production of polymers has contributed to pollution— many of them are not biodegradable—they have varied uses as synthetic fibers, films, pipes, coatings, and molded articles. Polymers are also being used increasingly as coalings for medical implants. Names such as polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), Teflon, polystyrene, Orion, and Plexiglas (Table 12-3) have become household words. 

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