Antifouling polymers

The mode of action of the antifouling polymers thus conforms to the bulk abiotic bond cleavage model. All the controlling factors, viz., diffusion of water into the polymer matrix, hydrolysis of the tributyltin carboxylate, diffusion of tributyltin species from the matrix to the surface, phase transfer of the organotin species, and its migration across the boundary layer, are analyzed. It is found that the transport of the mobile tributyltin species in the matrix is the rate limiting factor. 

Akthakul, A., Salinaro, R.F. and Mayes, A.M. (2004) Antifouling polymer membranes with sub-nanometer size selectivity. Macromolecules, 37,... 

Glinel K, Jonas AM, Jouenne T et al. (2009) Antibacterial and antifouling polymer brushes incorporating antimicrobial peptide. Bioconjug Chem 20 71-77... 

The triorganotin species have been used as industrial biocides for over 30 years [117, 118]. Examples are triphenyltin hydroxide (structure 5) for fungal diseases on celery, rice, sugar beets, and coffee tricyclohexylstannyl-1,2,4-triazole (structure 6) as an acaricide for apple, pear, and citrus fruit trees bistributyltin oxide (structure 7) as a wood preservative and tributyltin-methylacrylate monomers (structure 8) polymerized with other acrylates to yield a marine antifoulant polymer that prevents the build of up barnacles, algae, and other marine animals on ships. 

Organotin Antifouling Polymers Synthesis and Properties of New Copolymers With Pendent... 

ORGANOTIN ANTIFOULING POLYMERS SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NEW COPOLYMERS WITH PENDENT ORGANOTIN MOITIES... 

R.R. Joshi and S.K. Gupta, Microstructure and Sequence Length Determination of Antifouling Polymers (unpublished results). 

Release and or presentation of antimicrobial substances, eg, AMPS, antibiotics, enzymes, QSIs and antifouling polymers... 

Fig. 5.1 Schematic representation of possible modifications for antimicrobial surfaces (left), tissue modulative surfaces (right) and multifunctional surfaces (middle). Antimicrobial surfaces can be achieved by the release and or by the surface display of antimicrobial substances, such as AMPS, antibiotics, enzymes, QSIs and antifouling polymers. A specific tissue response can be induced by the presentation of adhesive biomolecules, hydrogels scaffolds or micro-roughening, for example. Combining both of these approaches leads to multifunctional surfaces which discourage bacterial adhesion, or kill bacteria, while stimulating tissue cells to adhere, differentiate or express specific genes.

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