Organoclay synthesized

At the same time, neutral species can also be, to a certain extent, adsorbed and quantified via a similar analytical approach [70-72]. Organoclays are suitable to improve the sensitivity of the sensor the high affinity toward non-ionic species allows these materials to be profitably exploited to pre-concentrate several organic species. Thanks to the development of organoclays synthesized on purpose, several important analytes, mainly belonging to the classes of herbicides [73, 75] and... 

Many different polymers have already been used to synthesize polymer-clay nanocomposites. In this section, an overview of the advances that have been made during the last 10 years in the intercalation and the delamination of organoclay in different polymeric media is given. The discussion mainly covers the work involving thermoset nanocomposites along with a brief discussion about thermoplastic-based nanocomposites. 

Nanocomposites of iron oxide and silicate were also synthesized for the degradation of azo-dye Orange II (see Table 7) [388, 389]. To improve the sorption capacity, clays were modified in different ways (e.g. treatment by inorganic and organic compounds). Organoclays have recently attracted lots of attention in a number of applications, for example, dithiocarbamate-anchored polymer/organosmectite for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous media (see Table 7) [390]. 

The quantity of the hterature in the field of the nanocomposite polymeric materials has grown multiple times in recent years. The possibility to use almost all polymeric and polycondensated materials as a matrix is shown The nanocomposites from various organoclays and polymers have been synthesized. Here is just a small part of the compounds for being the matrix referenced in literature polyacrylate [83], polyamides [82,84,85], polybenzoxazine [86], polybutylene terephtalate [11,82,87], polyimides [88], polycarbonate [89], polymethylmetaciylate [90], polypropylene [91,92], poly-... 

It should be noted that the above review does not cover all the works that have been published in this area. A great number of studies have appeared, which attempted to synthesize polyolefin/organoclay nanocomposites utilizing maleated additives depending on the individual components, phase-separated, intercalated, or exfoliated structures have been reported [60-63]. 

In addition to maleic anhydride-functionalized polyolefin oligomers or polymers, a major category of compatibilizers utilized are specifically synthesized homopolymers and/or copolymers that could modify the interactions and control the structure in polyolefin/ organoclay nanocomposites. 

Hwang et al. [113] synthesized via in situ polymerization high-impact polystyrene (HlPS)/organically modifled montmorillonite (organoclay) nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction and TEM experiments revealed that intercalation of polymer chains into silicate layers was achieved, and the addition of nanoclay led to an increase in the size of the robber domain in the composites. In comparison with neat HIPS, they found that the HIPS/organoclay nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stabiHly as well as an increase in both the complex viscosity and storage modulus, and they may have been influenced by a competition between the incorporation of clay and the decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer matrix. 

---