Organochlorine pesticides emission

In 1997, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Governing Council decided that immediate international action should be taken to protect human health and the environment. International negotiations to reduce and eliminate the emission and discharges of an initial set of 12 POPs were initiated at the Stockholm Convention on POPs in May 2001. The 12 substances that were addressed at the Stockholm Convention were aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), chlordane, toxaphene, heptachlor, hex-achlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex. Basic information and status of major organochlorine pesticides in China are summarized in Table 8.1. 

All alternative detection schemes fail in at least one of the above criteria, and mass spectrometric detection has replaced other detectors even in applications in which they were well established, such as ECD for the gas chromatographic determination of organochlorine pesticides,61 or atomic emission detection (AED) or FPD in the GC analysis of organotin (OT) compounds.62... 

Leone, A.D. Amato, S. Falconer, R.L., Emission of chiral organochlorine pesticides from agricultural soils in the Combelt region of the V.S. Environ. Sci. Technol 2001,35,4592 596. Wiherg, K. Hamer, T. Wideman, J.L. Bidleman, T.R, Chiral analysis of organochlorine pesticides in Alabama soils Chemosphere 2001, 45, 843-848. 

Wong, E Alegria, H.A. Jantunen, L.M. Bidleman, T.F. Salvador-Figueroa, M. Gold-Bouchot, G. Ceja-Moreno, V. Waliszewski, S.M. Infanzon, R., Organochlorine pesticides in soils and air of southern Mexico Chemical profiles and potential for soil emissions Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 7737-7745. 

The variety of detectors available range from the universal (flame ionization detector) to the specific (electron-capture, thermionic, flame photometric and atomic emission detectors). For example, the electron-capture detector is specific for halogen-containing compounds, e.g. organochlorine pesticides. 

The concept is illustrated with the analysis of some organochlorine pesticides in wine. Figure 65 shows the capillary GC - AED trace in the chloor emission line (837 nm) of a wine extract. RTL conditions were adapted to the analysis and the identities were searched via a pesticide RTL database. A retention time window of 0.5 ( 0.25 min from the measured retention time) and the presence of chloor were introduced in the RTL dialogue box. From the search for the main peak eluting at 21.93 min (Table 7) it is clear that the smallest deviation is obtained for procymidone. The presence of this compound could be confirmed using RTL conditions in capillary GC-... 

Babich MA, Thomas TA, Hatlelid KM (2006) CPSC staff preliminaiy risk assessment of flame retardant (FR) chemicals in upholstered fumituie foam. Consumer Product Safety Commission. https //www.cpsc.gov/libiary/foia/foia06/brieftiihffl.pdf. Accessed 08 May 2013 Batterman SA, Chernyak S, Jia C et al (2009) Concentrations and emissions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from U.S. houses and garages. Environ Sci Technol 43 2693-2700 Bi X, Thomas G, Jones KC et al (2007) Exposure of electronics dismantling workers to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in South China. Environ Sci Technol 41 5647-5653 Birnbaum LS, Staskal DE (2004) Brominated flame retardants cause for concern Environ Health Perspect 112 9-17... 

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