Organo reaction with

All that has been said in this section applies with equal force to the use of organo-lithium reagents in the synthesis of alcohols. Grignard reagents are one source of nucleophilic carbon organolithium reagents are another. Both have substantial carbanionic char acter in their- car bon-metal bonds and undergo the same kind of reaction with aldehydes and ketones. 

Thiol protection, 59, 190 Thiono esters, reaction with ethyl isocyanoacetate, 59,187 Thionyl chloride, 55, 27 Thiophenol, 55, 122 58, 144 Thorium dodecanedioate, 56,110 Toluene, 56, 86 58,125 p-Toluenesulfonates, reaction with organo-cuprates, 55,112 p-Toluenesulfonic acid, 58, 57, 63 p-Toluenesulfonic acid, monohydrate, 56,44... 

Reactions Shown by Organo-ligands with Different Functional Groups... 

Organocadmium compounds can be prepared from Grignard reagents or organo-lithium compounds by reaction with Cd(II) salts.180 They can also be prepared directly from alkyl, benzyl, and aryl halides by reaction with highly reactive cadmium metal generated by reduction of Cd(II) salts.181... 

The indium-mediated allylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate (R = H) or trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal (R = Et) with an allyl bromide in water yielded a-trifluoromethylated alcohols (Eq. 8.56).135 Lanthanide triflate-promoted indium-mediated allylation of aminoaldehyde in aqueous media generated (i-airiinoalcohols stereoselectively.136 Indium-mediated intramolecular carbocyclization in aqueous media generated fused a-methylene-y-butyrolactones (Eq. 8.57).137 Forsythe and co-workers applied the indium-mediated allylation in the synthesis of an advanced intermediate for azaspiracids (Eq. 8.58).138 Other potentially reactive functionalities such as azide, enone, and ketone did not compete with aldehyde for the reaction with the in situ-generated organo-indium intermediate. 

Organo halogen compounds (RX, where X = Cl, Br) on heating generate HX by reaction with the polymer (poly-H) ... 

Taube, R. Reaction with Nitrogen Compounds Hydroamination. In Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organo-metallic Compounds Comils, B. Herrmann, W. A., Eds. VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1996 pp 507-520. 

The fe-ester derivatives of trithiophosphinic acids, RP(S)(SR )2, have also been studied and, similar to the metal and ammonium salts, show enhanced thermal stability compared to their parent acids. Trithiophosphonic acid Zj zA (tr im e t lr y 1 s i 1 y 1) esters have been synthesised from organo-/u.v(trim-ethylsilyl)phosphanes with elemental sulfur in toluene (Equation 40).53 These 6z,s(silyl esters) can be readily converted into the parent trithiophosphinic acid by a very slow, controlled reaction with water or methanol.53... 

Sulfonium, cyclopropyldiphenyl tetrafluoroborate, 54, 28 Sulfonium salts, acetylenic, furans from, 53, 3 Sulfonium ylides, 54, 32 Sulfur, reaction with organo-lithium compounds, 50, 105 Sulfuryl chloride, with 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid to give 3-chloro-l,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid, 51, 73... 

Figure 7.8 The proposed reaction of a hydrolysed mono-organo trialkoxysilane with cell wall polymers.

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