Organization neglect/failure

Many organizations fail to appreciate the scale of their quality failures and employ financial systems which neglect to quantify and record the true costs. In many cases, the failures are often costs that are logged as overheads . Quality failure costs represent a direct loss of profit Organizations may have financial systems to recognize scrap, inspection, repair and test, but these only represent the tip of the iceberg as illustrated in Figure 1.7. 

The ability to be flexible and to act to correct one s failures on the one hand as well as to selflessly represent outstanding people on the other. Leaders who fail to deal with poor performance do not inspire their subordinates. Leaders who neglect superior talent or hog their credit do a disservice to the organization, and ultimately to themselves. Leaders need to recognize and reward outstanding... 

Even if a technical failure precedes the human action, the tendency is to put the blame on an inadequate response to the failure by an operator. Perrow claims that even in the best of industries, there is rampant attribution of accidents to operator error, to the neglect of errors by designers or managers [155], He dtes a U.S. Air Force study of aviation accidents demonstrating that the designation of human error (pilot error in this case) is a convenient classification for mishaps whose real cause is uncertain, complex, or embarrassing to the organization. 

Equation (7) has been used traditionally in medicine as the Stewart-Hamilton indicator-dilution technique (23-25) to measure the unknown flow rate through isolated organs. In this method a known bolus, mr, of tracer is injected into an artery and the tracer dilution curve, Cp(t), is measured at the outflow in a major vein. In chemical engineering systems eq. (7) should be used as a basic mass balance consistency check on the accuracy of the tracer experiment. Failure to satisfy eq. (7) indicates errors and nonidealities, and requires repeats of the experiment at different mij, s to establish linearity. On occasion, only a response R(t), which is linearly proportional to tracer concentration, is measured and the mass injected m,j, is unknown. Then the experiment should be repeated to establish linearity of R(t) with respect to HLp. The obtained age density function R(t)// R(t)dt should be invariant to the mass injected. Although the above simple rules are rather evident, they are all too often neglected by practitioners. Unfortunately, not all tracers at concentrations used behave ideally, and erroneous conclusions result when the nonideal tracer residence time distribution is accepted as the F curve of the system. The tracer tests needed to determine E(t), F(t) and W(t) functions are schematically represented in Figure 1. 

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