Organic synthesis green chemistry

Nolen, S.A., Liotta, C.L., Eckert, C.A., and Glaser, R. 2003. The catalytic oppormnities of near-critical water A benign medium for conventionally acid and base catalyzed condensations for organic synthesis. Green Chemistry, 5 663-69. 

Zhang, W. 2009a. Green chemistry aspects of fluorous techniques—Opportunities and challenges for small-scale organic synthesis. Green Chemistry, 11 911-20. 

Curran, D.P. and Lu, Z. 2001. Fluorous techniques for the synthesis and separation of organic molecules. Green Chemistry, 3 G3-G7. 

Keywords. Benzotrifluoride, Reaction solvent, Organic synthesis, Fluorous synthesis. Green chemistry. 

Richer T, Hauptmann S (2003) The ehemistiy of heterocycles structure, reaetions, syntheses, and applications, 2nd edn. Wiley-VC H, Weinheim Varma RS (1999) Solvent-free organic synthesis. Green Chem 1 43-55 Gharib A, Jahangir M (2013) Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Organic Chemistry International, Article ID 693763, 7 p... 

Transition metal catalysis is a major driving force for development of new approaches in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, preparation of biologically active and pharmaceutical molecules, as well as in numerous applications related to material science and molecular electronics. Recent advances in green and sustainable chemistry emphasized the key role of waste-free chemicals production. Especially critical in fine chemicals synthesis is that high values of E-factor are not uncommon. Increasing demand in very complex molecular structures enforces implementation of sophisticated multistep synthetic procedures and further complicates the waste/product balance. On the other hand, so far most of the commodity chemicals remain to be produced by classical procedures, which are not green. 

Aldoximes are prepared from aldehydes and hydroxylamine by condensation reaction, and the dehydration reaction of aldoxime is one of the most important methods of nitrile synthesis in organic chemistry." We speculated that it would become one of the most important examples in Green Chemistry if the dehydration reaction could be realized by an enzymatic method, and started studies on a new enzyme, aldoxime dehydratase, and its use in enzymatic nitrile synthesis. Furthermore, we clarified the relationship between aldoxime dehydratase and nitrile-degrading enzymes in the genome of the microorganisms and the physiological role of the enzyme. 

Andraos, J. (2005) On Using Tree Analysis to Quantify the Material, Input Energy, and Cost Throughput Efficiencies of Simple and Complex Synthesis Plans and Networks Towards a Blueprint for Quantitative Total Synthesis and Green Chemistry. Organic Process Research and Development, 10, 212-240. 

Ema, T., Okita, N., Ide, S. and Sakai, T. (2007) Highly enantioselective and efficient synthesis of methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate with recombinant E. coli toward practical and green access to clopidogrel. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 5 (8), 1175-1176. 

Photocatalysis has become a very important tool both in organic syntheses and environmental chemistry. It represents not only a very selective instrument to achieve synthesis or decomposition of complex structures but also a green chemistry approach since the electron is a very clean reagent. 

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